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8 Reforming American Society 1 2 3 4 Religion Sparks Reform
CHAPTER 8 Reforming American Society Overview Time Lines 1 Religion Sparks Reform SECTION 2 Slavery and Abolition SECTION 3 SECTION Women and Reform 4 The Changing Workplace SECTION Chapter Assessment Transparencies
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8 Reforming American Society Cultural Diversity Expanding Democracy
CHAPTER 8 Reforming American Society HOME “What is a man born for but to be a Reformer, a Remaker of what man has made; a renouncer of lies; a restorer of truth and good ?” Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1841 THEMES IN CHAPTER 8 Cultural Diversity Expanding Democracy Women in America Science and Technology
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8 Reforming American Society What do you know?
CHAPTER 8 Reforming American Society HOME What do you know? • What do you already know about abolition and other reform movements of the 19th century? • Who were some of the leaders of these movements? • What reforms did they call for?
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8 Time Line The United States 1822 Lowell textile mills open.
CHAPTER 8 Time Line HOME The United States 1822 Lowell textile mills open. 1831 Nat Turner leads slave rebellion William Lloyd Garrison begins publishing The Liberator. 1834 First strike occurs in Lowell textile mills National Trades’ Union is formed. 1837 Grimké sisters lecture on the evils of slavery. 1848 Dorothea Dix campaigns for public hospitals for the mentally ill Seneca Falls women’s rights convention is held.
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8 Time Line The World 1821 Napoleon dies.
CHAPTER 8 Time Line HOME The World 1821 Napoleon dies. 1825 Decembrist revolt in Russia occurs. 1830 King George IV of Great Britain dies. 1834 Britain abolishes slavery in its empire. 1840 World’s Anti-Slavery Convention is held in London. 1845 Great Potato Famine begins in Ireland. 1848 Communist Manifesto is published.
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Religion Sparks Reform
SECTION 1 Religion Sparks Reform HOME Learn About the Second Great Awakening and other spiritual reform movements. To Understand how religion shaped the social and political reform movements of the period.
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Religion Sparks Reform
SECTION 1 Religion Sparks Reform HOME Key Idea Changes in the political and economic arenas contribute to the Second Great Awakening, a renewal of religious sentiment that brings about a host of social reform movements.
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the Unitarian movement the African Methodist Episcopal Church
SECTION 1 Religion Sparks Reform HOME Section 1 Assessment SUMMARIZING What were some events and ideas that relate to the Second Great Awakening? the Unitarian movement revivals the African Methodist Episcopal Church Second Great Awakening transcendentalism school and prison reform Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Religion Sparks Reform
SECTION 1 Religion Sparks Reform HOME Section 1 Assessment Consider the philosophical and religious ideas expressed during the Second Great Awakening. What were the key values and beliefs that guided 19th-century reformers’ actions? SYNTHESIZING concepts of individualism and individual salvation attitudes toward social responsibility the viewpoints of Finney, Channing, and Emerson THINK ABOUT
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Religion Sparks Reform
SECTION 1 Religion Sparks Reform HOME Section 1 Assessment How might 19th-century reform movements have influenced reform movements today? RECOGNIZING EFFECTS 19th-century reforms in schools, prisons, and asylums who is responsible for reform the social problems that are addressed today THINK ABOUT
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2 Slavery and Abolition Learn About
SECTION 2 Slavery and Abolition HOME Learn About the abolition movement, the lives of African Americans, and debates over slavery. To Understand the growing rift between the North and the South.
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2 Slavery and Abolition Key Idea
SECTION 2 Slavery and Abolition HOME Key Idea Slavery becomes an explosive issue, as more Americans join reformers working for abolition.
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2 Slavery and Abolition 2 Section Assessment
HOME Section 2 Assessment SUMMARIZING What were some of the major antislavery and proslavery actions that occurred from 1820 to 1850? ANTISLAVERY ACTIONS PROSLAVERY ACTIONS publication of The Liberator and Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World formation of antislavery societies Nat Turner’s Rebellion the defeat of the Virginia motion for abolition tighter slave regulations the growth of vigilance committees the 1836 gag rule
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2 Slavery and Abolition 2 Section Assessment
HOME Section 2 Assessment What was a more effective strategy—violence or nonviolence—for achieving the abolitionists’ goal of eliminating slavery? FORMING OPINIONS Garrison’s and Walker’s remarks Frederick Douglass’s views abolitionists’ petitions to Congress Southerners’ reactions to Nat Turner’s Rebellion THINK ABOUT
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2 Slavery and Abolition 2 Section Assessment
HOME Section 2 Assessment Analyze the similarities and differences between the situations of free blacks in the North and slaves in the South. COMPARING AND CONTRASTING the experiences of African-American workers in the North the conditions of rural and urban slaves slave owners’ perceptions of the Northern “wage slave” THINK ABOUT
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3 Women and Reform Learn About
SECTION 3 Women and Reform HOME Learn About traditional women’s roles and reform activities. To Understand the early development of the women’s rights movement.
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3 Women and Reform Key Idea
SECTION 3 Women and Reform HOME Key Idea Women reformers expand their efforts from reform movements—such as abolition and temperance—to work for women’s rights.
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3 Women and Reform 33 Section Assessment
HOME Section 33 Assessment What were historical events, ideas, and people that relate to women addressing gender inequity in the 19th century? SUMMARIZING Women address gender inequity. Cult of domesticity Stanton, Mott, the Grimké sisters Elizabeth Blackwell, Amelia Bloomer, Margaret Fuller Troy Female Seminary Seneca Falls convention
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3 Women and Reform 33 Section Assessment
HOME Section 33 Assessment The Seneca Falls “Declaration of Sentiments” asserted that “woman is man’s equal.” In what ways would that change the status women held at that time? ANALYZING women’s social, economic, and legal status in the early and mid-1800s married women’s domestic roles single women’s career opportunities and wages THINK ABOUT
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3 Women and Reform 3 Section Assessment
HOME Section 3 Assessment On a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 representing “most effective,” rank women’s effectiveness as reformers in the following areas: education, health, temperance, abolition, and women’s rights. EVALUATING the problems that each social reform was directed toward which reforms seem the most crucial, and why THINK ABOUT
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The Changing Workplace
SECTION 4 The Changing Workplace HOME Learn About changes in manufacturing and factories. To Understand the problems faced by the emerging industrial workforce.
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The Changing Workplace
SECTION 4 The Changing Workplace HOME Key Idea A growing industrial workforce faces problems arising from changes in manufacturing and the creation of the factory system.
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The Changing Workplace
SECTION 4 The Changing Workplace HOME Section 4 Assessment How did factory workers respond to worsening conditions? SUMMARIZING Worsening conditions in factories Workers responses: the 1834 and 1836 strikes at Lowell the 1835 coal workers’ strike in Philadelphia the formation of the National Trades’ Union in 1834 the formation of the Ladies Industrial Association in 1845
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The Changing Workplace
SECTION 4 The Changing Workplace HOME Section 4 Assessment Did the positive effects of mechanizing the manufacturing process outweigh the negative effects? ANALYZING ISSUES changes in job opportunities for artisans, women, and unskilled male laborers changes in employer-employee relationships working conditions in factories the cost of manufactured goods THINK ABOUT
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The Changing Workplace
SECTION 4 The Changing Workplace HOME Section 4 Assessment If you were working in a factory during the mid-1800s, would you be a striker or a strikebreaker? FORMING OPINIONS how your decision would be affected by whether you were a native-born American or an immigrant how your decision would be affected by whether you were an artisan or an unskilled laborer the outcome of most strikes during the 1830s and 1840s THINK ABOUT
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8 Chapter Assessment HOME 1. What new religious ideas set the stage for the reform movements of the mid-19th century? 2. Briefly explain the concept of transcendentalism. 3. How did Dorothea Dix contribute to reform during this period? 4. Summarize the key abolitionist beliefs of William Lloyd Garrison, David Walker, and Frederick Douglass. 5. Describe the conditions of urban and rural slavery.
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8 Chapter Assessment HOME 6. What steps did white Southerners take to suppress slave revolts? 7. What was the cult of domesticity? 8. What was the purpose of the Seneca Falls convention? 9. Briefly describe the working conditions of the young women in the Lowell textile mills. 10. Why was the formation of the National Trades’ Union important?
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