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Chapter 13 Section 1.  Charlemagne  Papal States  Baron.

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Presentation on theme: "Chapter 13 Section 1.  Charlemagne  Papal States  Baron."— Presentation transcript:

1 Chapter 13 Section 1

2  Charlemagne  Papal States  Baron

3  5 th Century Germanic tribes overrun the Romans  Disruption of trade  Merchants face invasions, business collapses  Downfall of cities  Cities abandoned as centers of administration

4 At the fall of the Roman Empire: What advantages were there to living in cities as opposed to the country?

5  Population shifts  Nobles retreat to rural areas  City dwellers flee to countryside  Grew their own food  Western Europe becomes rural

6 Germanic invaders could not read or write Learning declined as families moved to the country Priests and church officials were literate Few could read Greek works Germans no written language

7 Germanic speaking mixed with Romans Latin changed Different dialects developed with new words and phrases 800’s, French, Spanish, and other roman based languages evolved from Latin

8  400-600 small Germanic kingdoms emerge  Concept of Government Changes  Family ties personal loyalty replace citizenship in a public state  Lived in small communities  Unwritten rules

9  Monasteries is a religious community  Men called monks devote lives to God  Women called nuns went to convents  520 Benedict Italian monk wrote strict rules

10  Scholastica (Benedicts sister) headed a convent under the same rules  Monasteries best educated communities  600-700’s Monks made beautiful copies of religious writings  Preserved Rome’s heritage

11  What did Gregory the Great do?

12  Used church revenues to raise armies, repair roads, help the poor  Negotiate peace treaty with the Lombard's  Italy to England, Spain to Germany his responsibility  Churchly kingdom ruled by a pope (Middle Ages)

13  Europe entered a period of political, social, and economic decline.  Europeans fearful of invading Germanic tribes  Moved out of the city to the country  Church/Pope gained significant power with rise of Christianity

14  How are the Franks linked with Christianity?

15  Pope Leo III  Walked up to Charlemagne – placed crown on his head  Charlemagne – 1 st emperor in 300 years  Building an Empire  By 800 – Franks had ruled most of Europe  Caroliginians – Charlemagne’s family  most influential Frank family

16  700 major domo or mayor of the palace most powerful person  Charge of royal household and estates  719 Charles Martel  732 defeats Muslims in the Battle of Tours

17  Charles Martel -Charlemagne’s grandfather  Political adviser/war leader to Frankish king  Fought mostly against Muslim invaders  Pippin III – Charles Martel’s son  King – first of Carolingian family to be king  When he died, passed throne to son -  Charlemagne

18  Charlemagne = “Charles the Great”  Regarded as one of the most impt leaders in European history.  Incredible military leader  He built alliances with people that he conquered  Built up land, army, and people

19  -Papal States – region controlled by the pope  774 – Lombards attacked Papal States  Pope Leo III called on Charlemagne  Charlemagne’s army defeated Lombards  Charlemagne became king of Lombards and Franks

20  799 –  Angry supporters of previous pope ran Leo out of Rome  Charlemagne escorted Leo back to Rome  Restored his power  Leo names Charlemagne Emperor of the Roman People  Two reasons this is significant:  Restored Roman Empire  Charlemagne backed by God

21  Empire so big = difficult to rule  Aachen – established as first Frankish capital/central gov’t  built huge palace to reflect his greatness  Charlemagne stayed in Aachen

22  Named counts to rule parts of the empire  Counts bound by oath  Given huge tracts of land in return  Sent secret inspectors to check on counts  If Counts good = rewarded  If counts bad = punished  All had to answer to Charlemagne

23  Education really impt to Charlemagne  Wanted leaders to read and write  Ordered Churches/Monks to start schools  Invited notable scholars to teach and copy texts  Sent copies of books all over Europe  Then they were copied more

24  Wanted to spread Christianity  Ordered conquered people to convert or die  Sent monks to teach conquered people

25  Recorded laws on paper  Enforced Christian teachings

26  Didn’t organize strong enough central government  Regional kings grew stronger and disrupted the unity  Charlemagne’s grandsons fought for throne  Divided empire into three parts


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