1. Do now
Imagine for the past 14 years of your life (in 1865) you have been enslaved. You are now Free!!!!! Explain what you would do with your newly found freedom. Would you stay in the South or move North? What kind of job would you try to get? Would you try to find family members that were sold due to slavery. Etc….

2. Graffiti Artists! Read the section assigned to you!
Create a graffiti mural to describe your section
Use symbolism and graphics to describe the main ideas.
Try to use very little words!! If any!!
This will be completed on chart paper and needs to be colored!
You will present!

4. Reconstruction and Transition

5. After the War Mississippi faced many challenges after the Civil War
The state’s cities were severely damaged and many buildings and stores had been burned
Our previous wealth before the war no longer existed
Many men returned back home unable to work due to injury or others just did not return

6. Freedmen 400,000 freedmen faced greater hardships
They were homeless, uneducated, and free for the first time
Many wandered town to town looking for jobs
Searched for family members lost due to slavery
New relationships between whites and blacks had to be developed
Blacks feared that old masters would try to re-enslave them
Whites found it difficult to accept blacks as free and equal

7. Freedmen looked forward to practicing their right to vote and hold a political office
Whites wondered how they would be treated as well… Would they be punished for their war efforts???? Would they be allowed to vote in new governments?????
The right to own land, vote, and get an education was a freedmen’s way to independence
Congress created the agency the Freedmen’s Bureau which helped former slaves with food, shelter, education, health care, and find jobs

8. Free Land??????
Blacks felt that the land that was seized or confiscated during the war would be sold or leased to them
However, President Johnson ordered for all confiscated land to be returned to its former owners

9. Presidential Reconstruction
Abraham Lincoln created a plan to rebuild the South and restore the Union before the war was over
Known as Reconstruction, had two simple steps:
1. All southerners, except high ranking Confederates, would be pardoned after taking an oath of loyalty
2. When 10% of voters took oath, the state would be permitted to form a legal government and rejoin the Union.
Lincoln was assassinated in April 1865 at Ford’s Theater

10. Johnson and Reconstruction
Much like Lincoln, though Johnson expanded the group of southerners who were not covered by the general pardon
Johnson required that states write new state constitutions that abolished slavery.
Republicans were disappointed with both plan… they wanted stronger requirements
Due to pressure from Congress, Johnson added three more requirements
1. repeal secession ordinances
2. Repudiate their war debt
3. Ratify the 13th Amendment
Reconstruction began in MS in June 1865
William Sharkey who opposed secession became temporary governor

11. Constitutional Convention of 1865
Mississippi was the first state to hold a constitutional convention to write a new constitution
They made few changes to state government
Most delegates were apart of MS prewar ruling class
Though the president urged Mississippians to give suffrage to educated blacks and those who owned property, they delegates ignored his request.
They made it clear that they did not want any black participation in MS’s government

12. Black Codes
When new legislature met, legislators passed four acts that became known as Black Codes
Placed harsh economic and social restrictions on blacks
Became clear that the Codes were designed to give the state control over blacks
First act: Civil Rights Act of 1865, provided two benefits- Legalized marriages and Gave blacks the right to sue in state courts, however it:
Prohibited interracial marriages
Prevented blacks from testifying in court cases with whites
Limited black land ownership

13. Could not carry firearms and any other weapons
Blacks could be arrested for assembling with permission
If they could not pay fine, they were hired out to anyone who would pay fine for them
When MS did not ratify the 13th Amendment it troubled the freedmen and angered many northern whites
As a result of these black codes, Congress refused to seat MS’s Congressional delegates.

14. Congress then passed laws designed to weaken the Black Codes and guarantee blacks rights
14th Amendment- made blacks full citizens of the United States and in the individual states
Could not prohibit any person the right of life, liberty, or property

15. Do Now Read the article “Reconstruction in Mississippi”
Analyze the article as you read and answer the following question.
Analyze the efforts of white defiance in Mississippi during the Reconstruction Era. Justify your claims using evidence from the text.

16. Congressional reconstruction
When Mississippi and other southern states refused to ratify the 14th Amendment, Congress took control of Reconstruction
On March 2, 1867, Congress passed the Reconstruction Act. This carved the south into five military districts and set new, strict requirements for restoring the civil government.
Mississippi was placed in the Fourth military district under the control of Major General Edward Ord.
His task was to register all eligible voters.
Out of 160,000 adult males in MS, 137,000 were qualified to vote.

17. Scalawags were native whites who supported the Republican party
The Republican party was formed in MS in 1867 which included white Mississippians who supported Congressional Reconstruction, northern whites, and black leaders.
Scalawags were native whites who supported the Republican party
Carpetbaggers were northern whites who came to the south carrying suitcases made of carpet
The 1868 convention was made up of: 17 blacks, 29 native whites (scalawags), 25 Northern Republicans (carpetbaggers), 17 conservative democrats
Two resolutions to the constitution made in Convention
Provided Universal male suffrage-male citizens any race & color
System of free public education for all children between ages 6 & 18

18. Conservative democrats in Mississippi objected to the provision of the constitution that stated the disfranchisement of all persons who supported secession or gave aid to Confederacy
Disfranchise means to take the right of vote away from someone/group
The new constitution failed in 1868 when it went to the voters because conservative whites refused to vote and organizations like the KKK used violence and intimidation to keep blacks from the polls
The new constitution was ratified in 1869 because it was submitted without provision of disfranchising former Confederates
With the new constitution, the Republican party now had control over the states.

19. James Alcorn was elected governor
The 15th Amendment was passed and it guaranteed universal male suffrage
Mississippi was readmitted to the Union February 23, 1870
Black participation began in the Republican party with the election of 17 black delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1868
In 1873, 55 blacks were elected to the House of Representatives and 31 were elected to the Senate in the state.
In 1869, James Lynch was elected Secretary of the State.

20. The major accomplishment of Mississippi’s Reconstruction government was it established a system of tax supported public schools.
In 1877, Mississippi A & M (Mississippi State) was established as a segregated school for whites
The MS University for Women was the first and oldest public institution for women in the United States

21. Conservative Democrats opposed Reconstruction because of the presence of Union troops, Republicans were corrupt, taxes were too high, resisted public schools especially for blacks, carpetbaggers controlled blacks
White democrats considered themselves redeemers, white Mississippians who wanted to return control of state government to native whites
Many white Republicans joined the Democrats because of threats of economic reprisals and physical abuse and fear of becoming social outcasts
The KKK used intimidation to prevent blacks from voting or to frighten them into voting for Democratic candidates.

22. The final blow of Reconstruction was the presidential election of 1876
With the election of November 4th, 1875 the Democrats won four of the six congressional seats
The final blow of Reconstruction was the presidential election of 1876
Hayes(Republican) would become president on the Compromise of Federal troops would leave the South and the Democrats would take control again in South
A filibuster is continuous speechmaking to delay action by legislative body
The Democrats agreed to end the filibuster if Hayes agreed to withdraw all troops from the South
In 1881, 38% of eligible blacks voted in the governor’s election.

23. Presidential vs. congressional
In a Venn Diagram, Compare and Contrast the efforts of Presidential Reconstruction and Congressional Reconstruction
Once you have information in Venn Diagram, create a two paragraph essay. Written properly and the work of a 9th grader.
Do not use improper language, run-ons, choppy sentences, etc…..
Turn in when finished!!!

24. Dialogue Strip
Create a dialogue strip of four boxes to display your topic.
Use TEXTUAL EVIDENCE to support your dialogue strip.
You must color this and it must include talking!!!!!
CAN NOT USE STICK PEOPLE!!!
Your box should look like the following:
Graphic with dialogue to explain topic
TE: (Back up the picture with textual evidence)
Textual Evidence
Textual Evidence
Textual Evidence
Textual Evidence

25. Constitution of 1890
Mid 1880s- call for a new constitutional convention
Wanted to replace Constitution of 1868
Did not want to be governed by laws drafted by blacks and carpetbaggers
Whites wanted a reapportionment (redrawing of the lines of voting districts)
To give majority white counties more power
Convention was made up of mostly conservative Democrats and there was only one black delegate… Remember the last convention?? What did it look like???????

26. Scheme in constitution to eliminate blacks from political scene
Adult males who wanted to vote had to:
1. Register at least 4 months before election
2. Live in the state for two years and in voting district for one year
3. Pay an annual poll tax ($2)
4. Read any section of the state constitution or understand it when read to them (Understanding Clause)
Black registered voters dropped from 142,000 to 8,615
30,000 whites who were poor could not pay tax were eliminated from voting.

27. Essay
Pick two of the four Mississippi Constitutions and analyze the effect of the passing of the constitutions on society. Use textual evidence (from your book and/or notes) to support your claims.
Organize like this:
Introduction
Constitution 1
Constitution 2
Conclusion