1. Sources of Energy
Can you identify the 7 different sources of energy depicted in this drawing?

2. Sources of Energy

3. Sources of Energy 1. Fossil Fuels 70% 2. Nuclear 19%
Coal 52%
Natural Gas 15%
Oil 3%
2. Nuclear %
3. Hydro electric %
4. Wind %
5. Solar %
6.Geothermal %
7. Tidal %
Tidal energy is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides from the ocean into electricity or other useful forms of power

4. Explain how Electricity is produced
it is produced by generators
They may range in size from something you can hold to the size of a house
It converts mechanical energy into electric energy
In the case of a power station – rotating turbines provide the mechanical energy
Ex. Moving water in a hydroelectric generating station
Ex. Expanding steam production by burning coal, oil or gas
Ex. Nuclear reactors produces heat when atoms split and then it converts the steam into electricity

5. Utility-operated Generating Stations, 1997: By Technology
      
Hydro-electric
Tidal
Internal Combustion
Combustion Turbine
Steam Plant
Nuclear Plant
Wind Energy

6. Sources of Energy Solar Source Pros Cons Sun free source unlimited
env. friendly
not efficient
expensive set-up

7. Solar Energy

8. Sources of Energy Geothermal Source Pros Cons
Natural heat coming from the Earth
free source
unlimited
env. friendly
expensive set-up
few locations

9. Geothermal Energy

11. Sources of Energy Hydro Source Pros Cons Moving river water
cheap source
env. friendly
recreation
flooding impacts
expensive set-up

12. Niagara Falls – Canada and USA

13. Example of Hydroelectric Power – a dam

14. Hydro

16. Sources of Energy Wind Source Pros Cons Moving air free source
env. friendly
expensive set-up
eyesore, birds
inconsistent source

18. Sources of Energy Nuclear Source Pros Cons Atom splitting
not expensive source
lots of source
safety concerns
expensive set-up
weapons possible

19. Darlington Nuclear Power Plant, 70 km East of Toronto

20. There are three nuclear power
Stations. Darlington and Pickering
(right) are publicly owned,
while the Bruce Nuclear Plant
(above) is privately owned.

21. Sources of Energy Fossil Fuels Source Pros Cons
Burning of coal, oil, or natural gas
not expensive source or set-up
readily available
environment
not renewable

23. There are five fossil fuel
power stations in Ontario.
Nanticoke along Lake Erie
(right) is the largest and the
greatest air pollution source
in Ontario.

24. Why do the nuclear and the fossil fuel generating stations need to be near the lakes?
Need large amounts of water to produce steam and to cool down steam pipes

25. Saved by the Bell: Oil Episode
5 mins

26. Saving Energy at Home 1. air leaks (40%!) 2. insulation
3. heating & cooling equipment
4. appliance efficiency and use
5. lighting types and uses
6. window shades
7. thermostat levels

27. Air Leaks in the House
1. Chimney
2. Bathroom fans
3. Plumbing vents
4. Soffit vents
5. Blower door
6. Header space where floor joints of
structure meet top of basement walls.
7. Air infiltration from where baseboards
meet the floor.
8. Ceiling light outlets
9. Air conditioning units/vents
10. Air extraction fans in kitchen
11. Air infiltration around windows
12. Warm air loss through unsealed
fireplace chimney
13. Unsealed openings in walls for services.
14. Furnace.
15. Dryer vents
Newer homes nowadays, are very energy efficient because they are sealed tight, therefore not allowing much air to escape, saving energy. This reduces heaters in the winter and air conditioners in the summer months. Some homes are so energy efficient they are rated Energy star homes or R 2000.

28. Energy Textbook Questions - Answers
Definitions:
Biomass Energy: energy produced by combusting biomass materials such as wood, peat and manure
Joule: metric unit used to measure energy
Anticlinal traps: dome shaped structure of rock layers created by folding. Oil and gas are often found in these traps
Oil Sand: mixture of heavy crude oil, sand and water
Bitumen: in oil sand deposits each grain of sand is covered by a layer of water and a heavy oil or black tar called bitumen. Processed into synthetic crude oil.

29. Energy Textbook Questions - Answers
Depleted: used up
Hydroelectric Generating Station: facility that generates electricity by the movement of falling water
 Nuclear electric Generating Station: place where energy, in the form of heat, is generated by splitting atoms of radioactive materials, then is used to generate electricity
Thermoelectric Generating Station: electrical power plant where electricity is generated from energy produced by burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas
Power Grid: system of electrical power lines that connects large generating station to buildings where people use electricity

30. 3. What is the difference between “Flowing Wells” and “Non- Flowing Wells”?
Removal of oil and gas from the ground takes place in one of two ways, depending on the nature of the deposits:
Flowing Wells – some wells have enough natural pressure to force the oil and gas to the surface. At the surface, the flow is controlled by a series of values
Non – Flowing Wells – if there is not enough pressure to make the oil and gas flow to the surface, electric or gasoline powered pumps must be used
-Oil is then removed from a deposit; scientists have created a variety of methods to remove more of the remaining oil. This is called secondary recovery

31. Textbook questions cont’d
6a. Describe the Geologic characteristics that must exist for oil and natural gas to be trapped in rock.
Geological characteristics that must exist for oil and natural gas to be trapped in rock:
A geologic history that would allow oil and gas to develop
- remains of dead plants and animals, built up in thick layers, covered by sand and silt, into sedimentary rock. Also needs bacterial action, heat and pressure
A layer of porous rock that holds the oil and gas
Upper and lower layers of non-porous rock that form a trap for the oil and gas. Anticlinal traps have these.

32. # 7. What are oil sands and how to do they contribute to Canada’s energy supply?
Oil production includes both conventional crude oil that is pumped from the ground and synthetic crude oil created from a special substance called oil sand, which is mined.
An oil like substance called bitumen is found around individual sand particles. It is the bitumen that is further processed to make synthetic crude oil. We use this crude oil for daily energy use.

33. #9 the Oil industry takes to find and develop oil and gas
Finding oil and gas in amounts that will make their recovery worthwhile is a challenging task. Geologists must look for special geological structures that have trapped oil and gas. What makes the search difficult is that these structures may be many hundreds of meters underground. There is no guarantee that oil and gas will be found within it.
Geologists use many tricks to search for oil and gas:
Looking for rocks on the surface that contains traces of oil
Searching for clues, like fossils, in the sedimentary rock that indicate the right conditions for the formation of oil and gas
Using geological information obtained from the drill cores of oil wells in the same general area
Conducting seismic surveys, which use shock waves to locate oil and gas bearing rock structure
Presence of oil and gas can be determined only by drilling

34. Textbook questions cont’d
13. Identify the regions that depend mainly on thermoelectric power and those that depend primarily on hydroelectric power?
Regions that depend mainly on thermoelectric power – Alberta, Saskatchewan, Southern Ontario, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and PEI
Regions that depend mainly on hydroelectric power – B.C. , Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador, Manitoba

35. 14. Why does Canada import and export energy products
14. Why does Canada import and export energy products? Consider oil and electricity.
 Oil – Supertankers carry crude oil from such exporting areas as the Middle East, South America, Africa to Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and Maine, USA. As a result, the market east of Ontario and Quebec border is supplied mainly with imported oil. On the other hand, pipelines from western Canada enable the export of huge amounts of Canadian oil to the US as well as supplying Canadian needs west of Ontario.
Electricity – Electricity is moved between provinces and Canada and the USA by high voltage transmission lines. The US buys electricity from Canada in the summer when its air conditioning needs are high. Canada buys power from the US in the winter when our heating demands are high.