1. Energy Sources Grade 9 Geo.

2. Energy???? Today we are going to be talking about ENERGY!! Not the energy you need to get to school each day or to walk to classes but the energy you use each day to power computers, appliances, vehicles, TVs, cell phones, video games, stoves, refrigerator, schools, businesses and so on.

3. Are you an “Energy Waster” or an “Energy Saver?" THINK: Where do you use energy each day? –H–Home, school, work? – What types of things require energy? Do you use a lot of electronics, appliances, TVs, computers each day? –I–If so do you unplug them after EACH use or when you go to bed at night? – Do you turn your computer, iPod and cell phone off? –D–Do you sleep with the TV on at night? These are just a few things at home that require energy each day.

4. Energy that powers Our Nation

5. Canada’s Energy Use Today Canada is one of the top 2 energy users per capita in the world, for the following reasons: 1.Northern climate with very cold temperatures much of the year 2. Small population spread thinly across a huge land mass = more energy use for transportation. 3. Advanced industrial economy uses a lot of energy 4. Energy is cheap to us, therefore we tend to waste it. Our energy can be divided into 2 categories: Conventional Energy – such as oil, gas, coal, hydroelectric and nuclear that is well established and used regularly Alternative Energy – solar, wind, biomass and hydrogen fuel cell that is growing but still not widely used

6. In Canada, conventional energy accounts for 98% of all energy used every year. We use oil at 39%, natural gas at 35% and electricity at 24%. This leaves the other 2% for other energy sources, including coal, wood and wind power. With global warming a major concern today to everyone, it is easy to see that this graph must change !

7. Using this graph, We can see that in Canada we are not off the world pattern for energy use There are exceptions: 1. Electricity at 9%, we use that a lot more. Why do you think that we do? 2. Why is coal used by the world so much and Canada not so much?

8. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES Energy supplies that can be replaced after they are consumed. Solar Power Wind Power

9. NON-RENEWABLE E ENERGY SOURCES Energy supplies that are limited and cannot be replaced once they are used up. Oil Natural Gas Coal

10. CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES These are the more common energy sources found in Canada. Flowing water Fossil fuels Uranium

11. FOSSIL FUELS Fossil fuels include coal, oil, and natural gas… They were formed from the remains of plants and animals. Found in sedimentary rock. Can be found around Canada.

12. How is coal formed? Coal formed from the remains of dead plants and animals that grew in swampy areas 300 to 360 million years ago Layers upon layers of undecayed vegetation formed deep deposits of organic matter that were later converted into sediments The weight of the sediments compressed the organic matter and along with certain chemicals, turned it into coal

14. EVERY 7 TO 10 DAYS, CHINA OPENS A NEW COAL-BURNING POWER PLANT. China now uses more coal than the United States, Europe, and Japan combined.

15. ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES Energy sources that haven’t been around for a long time… they’re ‘newer’ ideas. Solar, wind, tidal, biomass, geothermal, hydrogen

16. Which Energy Source DO YOU THINK IS THE BEST for Ontario? Hydroelectricity? (water) Nuclear Energy? (atoms splitting) Wind Energy? (air) Biomass Energy? (energy from peat, manure and garbage) Geothermal Energy? (heat and energy from the core of the earth) Solar Energy (the sun) Hydrogen Fossil Fuels (oil, coal, natural gas) Write a few sentences to explain your answer on your handout and then hand it in.

17. Energy Worksheet Complete the Energy worksheet using your Making Connections textbook. Answer questions 1 to 5 on your handout Be detailed and specific in your answers.

18. Energy: Powering our Nation Textbook Questions - Answers 1. There are 3 good reasons and 1 not so good reason why Canadians use a great deal of energy. What are they? 1. Northern climate with very cold temperatures much of the year 2. Small population spread thinly across a huge land mass = more energy use for transportation. 3. Advanced industrial economy uses a lot of energy 4. Energy is cheap to us, therefore we tend to waste it. (NEGATIVE) (3 types of energy: oil, gas and electricity) 2. In your own words, explain how coal is formed? coal formed as a result of the remains of tress and plants that grew in swampy areas 300 – 600 million years ago deposits of organic matter covered by many layers of sediments and compressed together over years turned the remains into coal

19. Questions cont’d 3. Why is coal important to the Canadian economy? contributes $4.5 billion dollars each year Provinces 55,000 jobs Coal is used to fuel electricity and steel plants It is a major export (we give to other countries) - $1.9 billion dollars 5. Conventional Energy Sources (98% of our energy) – older methods of extracting energy Examples include: oil, natural gas, coal, hydroelectric, and nuclear electricity Alternative energy sources Alternative energy sources – “newer methods, more environmentally friendly” Examples include: solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, tidal,

20. 4. Three types of coal: Anthracite coal – formed under great pressure. It is shiny in appearance, hard, rich in carbon and relatively clean burning. It has the least impurities meaning it is a cleaner coal compared to the other two. It is used to heat homes and businesses. Bituminous Coal – formed under less pressure than anthracite. It is softer and has more impurities, bituminous coal burns with a smoky flame. It is used primarily as fuel in thermoelectric plants but also used for heating and for fuel for manufacturing industries. Ex. Coke used to make metal. Lignite Coal – found near the surface of the earth. Often called brown coal. It is soft, inexpensive and filled with impurities. This coal is used in thermoelectric power plants (fossil fuels)

21. Comparing Energy Sources Complete the following handout Categorize the various types of energy listed below into the chart. Consider which types are Conventional vs. Alternative methods of energy and which ones are Renewable and which ones are Non Renewable before placing them into the correct categories. Natural Gas- Coal Solar- Uranium (Nuclear) Tidal- Geothermal Wind- Hydrogen Oil- Water Biomass - Fossil Fuels

22. Renewable Energy Sources Non- Renewable Energy Sources Conventional Energy Water (hydro) Natural Gas Coal Uranium (nuclear) Oil Fossil Fuels Alternative EnergySolar Tidal Geothermal Wind Biomass Hydrogen (can be both renewable and non- renewable but more on the non-renewable side)

23. Definitions: Using your textbook, copy the following definitions into your notes Global Warming Greenhouse Gases Kyoto Protocol Developed Country Developing Country