1. Unit 6: The Age of Imperialism and World War I (1890-1918) Presidents McKinley, Teddy Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson: Imperialism in East Asia and Latin America

2. Bell Ringer - A New World Power At the end of the Spanish-American War, the U.S. had accomplished its goal of becoming a world power, a role we still retain today. What problems have we faced as a nation historically because of the role we play in the rest of the world?

3. The Filipino Insurrection (1898 – 1902) Emilio Aguinaldo launches guerilla war against U.S. Very brutal conflict and U.S. used harsh tactics to put down rebellion Aguinaldo captured in 1901 5,000 U.S. and 200,000 Filipinos died (most were civilians)

4. An “Open Door” to China Many nations wanted “spheres of influence” in China for trade rights 1899- Sec. State John Hay wrote “Open Door” notes to Europe’s leaders Open Door Policy would ensure U.S. equal access to China’s markets He was basically ignored.

5. The Boxer Rebellion of 1900 In the spring, Chinese Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists (the “Boxers”) rebelled against foreigners 300 foreigners and Christian Chinese were massacred US sent 2000 troops with 20,000 multi-national force to crush rebellion Europe’s leaders agree to Open Door Policy

6. The Assassination of McKinley McKinley was easily re-elected in 1900 with war hero Theodore Roosevelt as his Vice President Sept. 6, 1901 anarchist Leon Czolgosz assassinates President McKinley T.R. becomes President 8 days later The “Modern Presidency” is born T.R. was an Imperialist and wanted U.S. to continue to grow as world power

7. TR’s Resume Harvard grad - 1880 NY State Legislator – 3 terms Rancher in Dakota Territory until 1886 Civil Service Commission & Police Commissioner in NY Asst. Sec. of Navy War Hero Governor of NY Exiled to Vice Presidency President 1901-1909 42 years & 11 months Youngest President Ever

8. Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Policy “Walk softly and carry a big stick” U.S. had to accept challenge of empire and be an international leader Social Darwinsim Use military force when diplomacy fails

9. U.S. Policy in Puerto Rico Foraker Act (1900) – civil gov’t where U.S. President appointed a governor & part of leg. Insular Cases – S.C. determined that P. Ricans didn’t have all rights of U.S. citizens Jones-Shafroth Act (1917) – same rights as U.S. citizens U.S. Protectorate today & Commonwealth (1952)

10. Cuba Becomes a U.S. Protectorate Teller Amendment (1898) – No annex! U.S. Army remained until 1902 Platt Amendment (1903) – Cuba couldn’t sign treaties with other nations unless U.S. approved and leased us naval base at Guantanamo Bay so we could protect the canal zone!

11. The Panama Canal 1902 – U.S. purchased French assets in Panama for $40 million via Spooner Act US supported revolution in Panama to free it from Colombia in 1903 1904 Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty gave US rights to 10 mile-wide, 46 mile-long canal zone for $10 Million + $250,000 a year rent T.R. boasted, “I took the canal zone…”

12. The Panama Canal Completed Built from 1904-1914 Dr. William Gorgas helped defeat malaria 35,000 workers from 80 nations 5,000 deaths 8,000 miles saved from S.D., CA – N.Y.C. 9 Hours to get through it! 1979 ceded back to Panama Panama Canal Time Lapse

13. Bell Ringer – Imperialism Under McKinley and T. Roosevelt 1.T or F: More American soldiers died during the Filipino Insurrection than during the Spanish-American War. 2.T or F: During the late 1800s, the U.S. pursued an Open Door Policy with Russia. 3.T or F: The Boxers in China rebelled because of the Chinese government’s harsh treatment of Christian missionaries. 4.T or F: Theodore Roosevelt served as Governor of NY prior to becoming Vice President of the U.S. in 1900. 5.T or F: President Roosevelt “took the Canal Zone” by aiding a rebellion in Panama vs. Colombia.

14. Roosevelt Settles the Russo- Japanese War (1904-05) Japan & Russia go to war over influence in China 1904 Japan humiliates Russian fleet at Port Arthur, China 1905 TR wins Nobel Peace Prize for Treaty of Portsmouth, NH Showed increased role of U.S. in world affairs

15. Roosevelt Updates the Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine (1823) – No new European colonies in W. Hemisphere Roosevelt Corollary (1905) – U.S. is policeman of W. Hemisphere – this will keep order and Europe out of our neighborhood

16. The “Gentlemen’s Agreement” 1906 SF,CA banned Asian children from public schools Japanese newspapers demanded action 1907 -TR reached agreement to end segregation in S.F. while Japan would restrict emigration to the U.S.

17. T.R.’s “Great White Fleet” 1907 – TR concerned about Japanese expansion in Asia at the expense of China, Russia, and Korea He flexes U.S. muscle when he sends 16 new U.S. battleships around world on a “good will cruise” 1908 – It makes a special stop in Japan

18. Exit Slip – U.S. Imperialism in East Asia and Latin America 1.The U.S. fought a costly war from 1899-1902 after winning it from Spain? a. Cuba b. China c. The Philippines d. Vietnam 2. The U.S. wanted an Open Door Policy in this nation? a. Japan b. China c. Vietnam d. Korea 3.President Roosevelt sent U.S. troops to support a revolt against this nation because he wanted a canal across Panama? a. Argentina b. Brazil c. Colombia d. Venezuela 4. A Gentlemen’s Agreement was reached between the U.S. and _______ to settle the issue of segregated schools in SF,CA. a. Cuba b. China c. Spain d. Japan

19. President Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy Taft was T.R.’s “handpicked” successor Put down the “Big Stick” and substitute $$$ for bullets in Asia and Latin America It encouraged American investment U.S. had to use force at times and it really failed

20. President Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy Wilson (D) – Anti- imperialist at heart U.S. would never again seek “one square foot” of territory and we would promote “natural rights” and self-determination Still we intervened in Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and Mexico

21. Wilson sends U.S. troops to Mexico Mexican dictator Porfirio Diaz was friendly to U.S. businesses but he was overthrown by revolution in 1911 1913 F. Madero was killed by V. Huerta, but Wilson wanted V. Carranza who opposed Huerta 1914 Wilson sent U.S. Marines to Veracruz, Mexico and Huerta’s government collapsed

22. The Hunt for Pancho Villa Revolutionary Pancho Villa, angry b/c Carranza was slow to bring about change, raided Columbus, N.M. in 1916 and killed 18 Americans Wilson sent General John J. Pershing + 10,000 troops to find him 11 month search, 400 miles into Mexico, called off in March 1917 as WW I raged in Europe Villa was killed by unknown assassins in 1923

23. Exit Slip – The U.S. in Latin America 1.T or F – President Taft’s foreign policy can be described as mild and ineffective. 2. T or F – President Wilson involved U.S. troops in Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and Mexico. 3.T or F – President Wilson could be described as Roosevelt’s “hand-picked successor.” 4.T or F – Pancho Villa was apprehended by U.S. troops in 1917 and executed for murder.