1. The Techniques of Dictatorship Mr. Bauer

2. Force 1. Police - control the police force and you control who can be arrested, detained, or disappear, and control the conditions of detainment, such as right to trial or need for charges to be laid

3. Force 2. Terror - use of fear of what the state can do to you, with or without cause. Includes methods such as public executions, treatment of opposition, “disappearances”

4. Indoctrination 1. Education - use of an education system to instill in citizens the beliefs and value systems (ideologies) of the elite

5. Indoctrination 1. (Reeducation) - training dissidents or intellectuals into the belief systems of the elite, often using brainwashing or torture

6. Indoctrination 2. Propaganda  partial or false release of information to show only the side of an issue the elite wishes shown  bias the people in a particular direction

7. Direction of Popular Discontent 1. Scapegoating a. Internal Enemies - turn the anger or frustration of the people against a segment of the population (ie. Jews in Germany, WWII)

8. Direction of Popular Discontent b. External Enemies - focus the anger or blame for conditions on a group outside of the nation (ie. U.S.A. blaming all their problems on U.S.S.R. during Cold War)

9. Controlled Participation 1. Elections - selection of candidates allowed to run in elections, control of ballot results, who gets to vote

10. Controlled Participation 2. One Party Monopoly - only one legal political party - at the most, citizens can choose between different candidates from the same party

11. Controlled Participation 3. Tokenism - token participation - ie. on a local level such as collective council, ineffective representation such as Estates-general, town hall meetings, non-empowered branches of government

12. Evaluating the Techniques of Dictatorship

13. Advantages decisions made quickly (efficient) production can be swiftly changed to fit the needs of the elite or society no excess Bureaucracy less politicians

14. Disadvantages Non-representative no guarantee those ruling are fit to rule no avenues for appeal to the advantage of elite, not majority

15. Disadvantages no checks or balances only one perspective viewed when making decisions

16. Approximate map of world dictatorships. Dark red represents current dictatorships; light red represents former dictatorships. (List of dictators) (Dictators and Non-Democratic Governments)List of dictatorsDictators and Non-Democratic Governments

17. This map reflects the findings of Freedom House's 2013 survey Freedom in the World, concerning the state of world freedom in 2006. Freedom in the World http://www.freedomhouse.org/report-types/freedom-world

18. Types of Dictatorships The Military The Ideological One-Party State The Traditional Absolute Monarchy The Nationalist One-Party State

19. The Military the leader is in control of the armed forces the military ensures that the laws, courts and police carry out the will of the leader has the appearance of a parliamentary or presidential type of government, but citizens have no say in government common to many South American nations such as Peru, Chile Argentina.

20. The Ideological One-Party State one small political group is in power no dissent or any opposition is allowed government policy is based upon a system of doctrines only the small elite has the right to carry out the aims of those doctrines appears in developing societies that wish to industrialize an example would be the government of the Soviet Union and China.

21. The Traditional Absolute Monarchy a government where one individual has total control the leader has the ability to pass power on to his heirs usually a feature of traditional types of societies examples include Saudi Arabia.

22. The Nationalist One-Party State a single mass party under one leader extremely nationalistic appear in advanced and industrial societies racist policies very imperialistic Militarist Hitler’s Nazi Germany and Mussolini’s Italy are common examples