1. Miss Springborn Team 6

2. American System - Henry Clay’s plan to use tax / tariff_ money to build new roads and canals. We can improve our nation’s transportation by using our resources to do so. This pushes many new projects forward.

3. New Roads- __Cumberland Road in the Appalachian mountain range New Canals-_Erie Canal in the state of New York

4. A period of rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel Two Important Inventions: Steamboat and the Railroad.

5. Invented by Robert Fulton Made it faster and cheaper to go upstream in rivers. Very popular along the Mississippi River. The first steamboat was called the Clermont and was used on the Hudson River in New York.

6. Created by Peter Cooper It became popular in the 1830’s Railroad fever begins and continues for the next 60 years By 1860 30,000 miles of track had been laid.

7. Another important advancement was the Canal System. The most famous canal, the Erie Canal, connected the Hudson River and the Lake Erie and speed up both transportation and trade when it opened in 1825. Prices of shipping dropped rapidly and goods moved much faster. It also pushed more people westward. The Erie Canal is sometimes nicknamed Clinton’s Ditch after the Governor of New York, DeWitt Clinton who spent over $7 million dollars getting it built.

8. A period of RAPID growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production Before this time most Americans depended heavily on their farms and the use of simple machines

9. Begins in the mid to late 1800’s Why did this happen? There is an increase in demand for goods and new inventions that make it possible to meet those demands There is an increase in demand for goods and new inventions that make it possible to meet those demands

10. Slater’s Mills- Created by Samuel Slater who brought his ideas with him from Britain. His mills used water and fast flowing rivers to help power the machines

11. Interchangeable Parts- created by Eli Whitney. This meant that pieces inside of machines were exactly the same, making it easier to replace if it broke.

12. Created by Francis Lowell He hired young, unmarried women from the local community that would live in boarding houses right near the factories. These women became known as the “Lowell Girls”

14. 1. More goods were available for people to buy 2. The economy grows at a very rapid pace attracting many new immigrants 3. People move to large cities because of jobs 4. Workers begin to unite in unions to demand better working conditions 5. Workers protest by going on strike (or refusing to work) until conditions improve 6. The Middle Class emerges as a large social class

16. 1. Telegraph- created by Samuel Morse 2. What did it do: allowed you to send messages great distances through wires and using Morse Code. Made communication easier 3. Iron Plows- created by John Deere to help farmers in plowing their fields. This resulted in MORE crops.

18. 3. Mechanical Harvester (reaper)- created by Cyrus McCormick to help with the farmers harvest. This resulted in MORE crops 4. Sewing Machine- created by Isaac Singer. Decreased time to sew something. More clothes could be produced

19. 5. Cotton Gin- created by Eli Whitney to help the cotton farmers of the South. What did it do? It separated the seeds from the cotton. Result: made it faster to process cotton and increased the need for Slaves. More cotton was produced in the South

20. Immigration- large numbers of immigrants came from Germany and Ireland. Most were seeking jobs or wanted to escape political or economic problems in their countries. Some wanted a chance to own their own land or have religious freedom. They were escaping the hardships in their native countries. Immigrants had to get used to new language and new culture in America.

21. People called Nativists wanted to limit those allowed in our country. Many were prejudice against the large numbers of Catholics that were immigrating here. They formed a group called the Know-Nothing Party who wanted to make immigration difficult. They were worried immigrants would steal their jobs by working for lower wages, not learn the new language and culture, and they feared the many Catholics now entering the mostly Protestant country. What do you think? Should we limit immigration? Why or Why not?

22. Prison Reform- Dorothea Dix pushed to have the mentally ill removed from prisons and put into state hospitals. Also she pushed to alleviate overcrowding in jails. She saw how horrible people were treated in the jails. Anyone with a mental illness was thrown into these prisons as well. She pushed for better treatment and demanded hospitals for the mentally ill and better treatment of those in jails

23. Temperance Movement- this group wanted to prevent alcoholism. Some wanted to go as far as to suggest banning alcohol completely The leader of this movement was a man named Lyman Beecher who spoke loudly against the “evils of alcohol”.

24. Horace Mann pushed for the creation of public schools allowing for more children to attend school and improve teaching conditions. For the first time colleges were founded for women to study at the college level.

25. There was also a push for the greater education of the poor and former slaves Opportunities for women and blacks were mostly found in the North and Midwest.

26. This group wanted the complete end to slavery and immediate emancipation of all slaves. Opposition to slavery had been around since the start of our nation. The original drafters of the Declaration fought over whether to mention slavery or not.

27. It was a huge issue during the Constitutional Convention as well with the 3/5 compromise. Slavery was outlawed in Northern states in the early 1800’s. In 1831, William Lloyd Garrison started a fiery newspaper, The Liberator, in the north all about the Abolitionist movement. Frederick Douglass, a former slave now free, joined forces with Garrison to spread the message of anti-slavery. Many women, such as Angelina and Sarah Grimke, will join this movement and will find their voice to start the Women’s Right Movement.

28. Women pushed to improve their lives including working towards voting rights, better education, and more rights in the law for protection. AT the Seneca Falls Convention women gathered and wrote the Declaration of Sentiments that stated the rights they deserved and were being denied.

29. They were fighting against the unequal treatment of women in American society. This movement was led by women such as Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and even Frederick Douglass. Over 300 people attended the convention including many men and this is considered the START of the women’s rights movement.

30. “ There will never be complete equality until women themselves help to make laws and elect lawmakers…the fact is, women are in chains, and their servitude (enslavement) is all the more despicable because they do not realize it! O to see and feel and to give them the courage and the conscience to speak and act for their own freedom, though they face scorn and contempt of all the world for doing it! ”

33. 182018401860 City New York City123,706312,710813,669 Philadelphia112,772220,423565,529 Baltimore62,738102,313212,418 Boston43,298101,383177,840 New Orleans27,17692,193168,675 Cincinnati9,64246,338161,044 Pittsburg7,24821,11577,943 St. Louis4,50816,469160,773 Buffalo2,09518,21381,129 Chicago****4,853109,260

34. What does the chart show happening for all the cities listed above? GROWTH IN THE POPULTAION OF MAJOR AMERICAN CITIES IN THE EARLY-MID 1800’S Why might Chicago have no population figure in 1820? THE CITY DID NOT EXIST AT THAT TIME OR WAS EVEN BIG ENOUGH TO KEEP RECORDS

35. What would be the major reason why Buffalo’s population grew rapidly between 1820 and 1860? THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE ERIE CANAL LED TO A HUGE POPULATION BOOM In the mid-1800’s thousands of Americans moved west, why would eastern cities such as New York City, Philadelphia, and Boston still gain much population? THOUSANDS OF IMMIGRANTS TRAVELED FROM COUNTRIES SUCH AS GERMANY AND IRELAND AND SETTLED IN CITIES ON THE EAST COAST