1. Children’s Health & Safety
E1: Examine issues related to the health & safety of children

2. Children’s Safety Treating Illness CPR/First Aid
Safety Signs/Preventing Accidents

3. Safety
A parent or care givers main responsibility is to keep children safe.
They must protect children from hazards.
They must be prepared for emergencies.
Most parents and caregivers should know CPR & First Aid.

4. What should you do if an accident occurs?
Stay calm: this will help reassure the child
Evaluate the situation: determine if the situation is minor or serious
Provide Comfort: do not move the child, keep the child warm, give words of comfort
Call for Help: dial 911
Give First Aid: treat the injury

5. Types of Injuries Bleeding Bumps & Bruises Fractures & Sprains
Splinters & Thorns
Burns
Choking
Seizure (convulsions)
Animal or Human Bites
Insect Bites/Stings
Poisoning
Shock

6. Types of Burns
First Degree- mild, may turn skin pink or red. There are no blisters. Never apply ointment
Second Degree- red & forms blisters. Cover with wet cloth or blanket
Third Degree- may leave skin white or blackened. Get medical attention immediately
Chemical- wash with cool water. Remove clothing.
Electrical Burns- appear minor but usually deep. Cool with water, cover, elevate legs to prevent shock

7. How to Treat Minor Cuts & Scrapes
Stop bleeding by applying pressure
Clean the area with mild soap & water
Dry area
Apply ointment
Cover the wound

8. How to Treat Nosebleeds
Have the child sit or stand and lean forward
Squeeze the lower half of the nose (10 min.)
Check for clotting
Call for medical attention

9. How to Treat Splinters & Thorns
Splinter- tiny object that becomes imbedded in the skin
If the splinter is sticking out of the skin, use sterilized tweezers and pull it out. Apply ointment & band aid
If the splinter is under the skin, open the womb & pull it out.

10. How to Treat Choking Choking occurs when someone's air way is blocked.
Provide abdominal thrusts.

11. Preventing Choking
Make sure that the child does not have access to small toys or toys with removable pieces
Constantly supervise children constantly
Cut up all food into small pieces

12. How to Treat Fractures & Sprains
Fracture- break or crack in a bone
Sprain- sudden violent stretching or a joint or muscle
Never move the child, get medical attention
If it is minor,; elevate, apply cold pack, & get medical attention.

13. Convulsions Also know as a seizure. Muscles suddenly contract
The individual will fall, twitch, & jerk
Usually last less than 5 min.
Loosen tight clothing, never move, do not put anything in the mouth, turn on side if there is vomit

14. Animal/Human Bites
If the skin is not broken, wash area, and apply antibiotic ointment
If the bite is more serious and by an animal call local health department
The bite must be treated by a medical professional to prevent the spread of disease.

15. Insect Bites Remove stinger by scraping it with blunt edge object
Wash the area with soap
Apply cold pack
If the individual is allergic to bees then they must get medical attention immediately (anaphylactic shock)
Some insect bites itch. To prevent itching use witch hazel, alcohol, or a paste of baking soda, water, and calamine

16. Poisoning Ingesting harmful substances
Signs of poisoning- burns around the mouth, strange smelling breath, fever, rash, coughing, or difficultly breathing.
If you suspect a child has ingested something poisonous call poison control.
Phone number for poison control:
Poison control is open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week

17. Common Household Poisons
Medicines
Cleaning Products
Personal Care Products
Insecticides and fertilizers
Plants (English ivy, poison ivy /oak, berries, wild mushrooms, plant bulbs)

18. Shock
When an individual has an injury, they lose a lot of blood or they are badly burned or poisoned.
Shock is when the body functions such as breathing and heartbeat stop or weakening greatly.
Symptoms of shock: cool or clammy skin, weak pulse, shallow breathing, dilated pupils, and unconsciousness

19. CPR
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation- used only when the heart has stopped beating and they have stopped breathing.
The technique combines rescue breathing with chest compressions to restore the blood circulation, heart beat and breathing.
Only individuals that have received proper training should perform CPR

20. First Aid Providing general treatment for injuries.
There are various guidelines that must be used when treating basic injuries.

21. Rescue Breathing
Breathing for someone else when they are unable to breath for themselves.
Forcing air into the lungs of a person who is not breathing
Lack of oxygen more than five min. will result in brain damage.

22. Preventing Accidents
Remove all broken toys and objects from the environment.
Be sure play area has been sprayed for insects.
Remove all limbs and debris from play area
Always pay close attention to children always.
Maintain a close viewing space
Create rules for the environment and enforce them.

23. Safety Signs
Introduce and explain the meaning of common safety signs in a child's environment.
See Safety Sign Poster

24. Children’s Health
Common Illnesses
Immunization

25. Regular Health Care Regular health checkups are important.
Possible health problems can be detected early and treated early.
After the first year, children should get a check up once a year.

26. Children’s Check Up Schedule
2 weeks old
1 month old
2 months old
4 months old
6 months old
9 months old
12 months old
15 months old
18 months old
2-3 years old

27. Common Childhood Conditions
Asthma- causes the lungs to contract to more frequently
Allergies- extreme sensitivity to a substance
Ear Infections-fever and fluid in the ear
Chicken Pox- red itchy rash, fever, sores
Common Cold- stuffy nose, sneezing, coughing, sore throat
Flu-tired, shakes, fever, aching muscles
Strep Throat-white patches on the tonsils, painful swallowing, sore throat

28. Immunizations Protection against communicable diseases.
Communicable Disease- disease that is passed from one person to another
Individual are immunized by giving a small amount of the disease called a vaccine.