1. The Cost of Storage about 1K$/TB 12/1/1999 9/1/2000 9/1/2001 4/1/2002

2. Disk Evolution Capacity:100x in 10 years 1 TB 3.5” drive in 2005 20 TB? in 2012?! System on a chip High-speed SAN Disk replacing tape Disk is super computer ! Kilo Mega Giga Tera Peta Exa Zetta Yotta

3. Disks are becoming computers Smart drives Camera with micro-drive Replay / Tivo / Ultimate TV Phone with micro-drive MP3 players Tablet Xbox Many more… Disk Ctlr + 1Ghz cpu+ 1GB RAM Comm: Infiniband, Ethernet, radio… Applications Web, DBMS, Files OS

4. Intermediate Step: Shared Logic Brick with 8-12 disk drives 200 mips/arm (or more) 2xGbpsEthernet General purpose OS 10k$/TB to 100k$/TB Shared –Sheet metal –Power –Support/Config –Security –Network ports These bricks could run applications (e.g. SQL or Mail or..) Snap ~1TB 12x80GB NAS NetApp ~.5TB 8x70GB NAS Maxstor ~2TB 12x160GB NAS IBM TotalStorage ~360GB 10x36GB NAS

5. Hardware Homogenous machines leads to quick response through reallocation HP desktop machines, 320MB RAM, 3u high, 4 100GB IDE Drives $4k/TB (street), 2.5processors/TB, 1GB RAM/TB 3 weeks from ordering to operational Slide courtesy of Brewster Kahle, @ Archive.org

6. Disk as Tape Tape is unreliable, specialized, slow, low density, not improving fast, and expensive Using removable hard drives to replace tape’s function has been successful When a “tape” is needed, the drive is put in a machine and it is online. No need to copy from tape before it is used. Portable, durable, fast, media cost = raw tapes, dense. Unknown longevity: suspected good. Slide courtesy of Brewster Kahle, @ Archive.org

7. Disk As Tape: What format? Today I send NTFS/SQL disks. But that is not a good format for Linux. Solution: Ship NFS/CIFS/ODBC servers (not disks) Plug “disk” into LAN. –DHCP then file or DB server via standard interface. –Web Service in long term