1. Information Technology
BTA3O - Unit 1

2. Computer Hardware Functions
Input Devices
Memory
RAM
ROM
Central
Processing
Unit
Secondary Storage
Devices
Output Devices

3. Input Devices Keyboard Mouse Graphic Tablets Ports (USB, Serial, etc.)
Modems
Scanners
Digital Cameras

4. Output Devices Monitors Ports Modems Printers Plotters Disk Drives
Machine Interfaces

5. Ports and Connectors
Ports are categorized by their mode of transmission:
Parallel port
Standard parallel port (printers)
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)
Serial port
Standard serial port (modem, mouse)
Musical instrument digital interface (MIDI)
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Connectors
Male have one or more pins
Female have locators that match the pins on the male

6. Storage Hard Drive Floppy Drives CD-ROM RW-CD-ROM DVD RW-DVD
Flash Memory

7. Disk Capacities Floppy: 1.4 MB Flash Memory 32 MB – 2 GB
Hard disk: 20 GB – 1000 GB
CD: MB
DVD: 4.7 GB - 17 GB
1 BYTE = 1 CHARACTER
1 KILOBYTE = 1000 BYTES
1 MEGABYTE = 1000 KB or 1,000,000 KILOBYTES
1 GIGABYTE = 1000 MB or 1,000,000,000 KILOBYTES

8. Magnetic Disk Storage

9. Disk Fragmentation
Fragmented disk shows spaces where data has been removed
Defragmenting has placed all files in contiguous spaces
Defragmenting a drive will increase efficiency for file retrieval

10. CD-ROM and Optical Disks
CD-ROM (compact disk ROM)
650 MB of information
CD-R (compact disk-recordable)
DVD-ROM (digital versatile disk)
4.7 gigabytes
DVD-ROM Dual Layer
9.4 gigabytes (movies)
Magneto-optical (MO)
230 MB, 650 MB, 1.3 GB
supports read and write operation

11. Bays
Areas inside the computer base, specifically designed to facilitate the installation of additional equipment
External Bays
one open end for loading and unloading storage media such as diskettes, tapes and CD-ROMS
Internal Bays
completely enclosed - inside the case
for hard disk drives

12. Memory RAM = Random Access Memory ROM = Read Only Memory
The space available to a computer to use while performing operations. The space is emptied out when the computer is turned off.
ROM = Read Only Memory
The memory programmed by the manufacturer containing system information.
Cannot be overwritten without special software.

13. Power Supply
The purpose of the power supply is to convert the AC power to a more useable form for the computer.
Newer machines use less power allowing CPUs to run faster without overheating.

14. Operating Systems
The operating system acts as the interface between the application and the computer system.
The following are examples of operating systems
Microsoft Windows, Unix, Linux, and Macintosh

15. Operating System Software
Role of Operating System Software is to:
perform common computer hardware functions
provide a user interface
manage system memory
manage processing tasks
provide networking capability
control access to system resources
manage files

16. Networking
A network is defined as two or more computers connected together
Peer-to-peer when a server is not involved
Client-server when a server is involved
Uses and Benefits of a LAN
Security through id and password
Shared peripherals
Shared storage
Shared Applications
Reliability and Resilience
centralized backup systems for data recovery
centralized virus protection

17. Types of Networks Star Network Ring Network Bus Network
Centralized hub (typical systems)
Each machine runs independently from the other, but hubs connect
Ring Network
All machines arranged in a ring
Built in redundancy with dual-ring
Fibre optics and token ring
Bus Network
All machines on the same line
Difficult to repair but inexpensive to construct

18. Adapting to Change
Adapting to an ever changing environment is a challenge all businesses must face.
Business end-users must define business needs, evaluate options, and select the hardware and software that provide a cost-effective solution to those needs.
The information system industry continues to undergo constant change; users need to be aware of recent trends to remain current.

19. Conclusion
Hardware devices work together to perform input, processing, data storage, and output.
Networks allow computers to share information and resources.
There are two main categories of software:
systems software and application software
An operating system (OS) is a set of computer programs that control the computer hardware to support users’ computing needs.