1. Do Now: What is the role of Helper T Cells in the immune response?
Objective: Learn How AIDS Affect the Normal Immune Response
Key Words: Helper T cells, AIDS, HIV, CD4 receptors
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Robert J. Sullivan, Marist College
Do Now: What is the role of Helper T Cells in the immune response?
Helper T cell activates killer T cells and B cells
Macrophage
T cell binds to activated macrophage
Helper T Cell
Killer T Cell
T Cell
T cell, activated by macrophage, becomes a helper T cell
Antigens are displayed on surface of macrophage
Infected Cell
Killer T cells bind to infected cells, disrupting their cell membranes and destroying them

2. What about if the Helper T cells do not work?
Objective: Learn How AIDS Affect the Normal Immune Response
Key Words: Helper T cells, AIDS, HIV, CD4 receptors
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Robert J. Sullivan, Marist College
What about if the Helper T cells do not work?
Helper T cell activates killer T cells and B cells
Loss of immune function more apparent; appearance of characteristic diseases such as yeast infections
Infection; Immune system eliminates most of HIV
Almost total loss of cellular immunity; AIDS
Symptoms, such as swollen lymph nodes, are few
Relative HIV concentration
T cell concentration
Years

3. What about if the Helper T cells do not work?
Objective: Learn How AIDS Affect the Normal Immune Response
Key Words: Helper T cells, AIDS, HIV, CD4 receptors
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Robert J. Sullivan, Marist College
What about if the Helper T cells do not work?
Helper T Cell
Killer T Cell
Helper T cell activates killer T cells and B cells
T cell, activated by macrophage, becomes a helper T cell

4. Objective: Learn How AIDS Affect the Normal Immune Response
Key Words: Helper T cells, AIDS, HIV, CD4 receptors
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Robert J. Sullivan, Marist College
What does cause AIDS?
Figure 9.19

5. How does the HIV replicate?
Objective: Learn How AIDS Affect the Normal Immune Response
Key Words: Helper T cells, AIDS, HIV, CD4 receptors
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Robert J. Sullivan, Marist College
How does the HIV replicate?

6. AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Objective: Learn How AIDS Affect the Normal Immune Response
Key Words: Helper T cells, AIDS, HIV, CD4 receptors
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Robert J. Sullivan, Marist College
AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
HIV targets helper T cells in the human immune system
Retrovirus attaches to CD4 receptors of T helper cells
Transmission: Body fluids, i.e., blood, semen, breast milk, vaginal secretions

7. Objective: Learn How AIDS Affect the Normal Immune Response
Key Words: Helper T cells, AIDS, HIV, CD4 receptors
How is HIV transmitted?
1. Unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected partner (the most common); 2. Sharing needles or other contaminated injection or skin-piercing equipment; 3. Blood and blood products through, for example, infected transfusions and organ or tissue transplants; 4. Transmission from infected mother to child in the womb or at birth and breastfeeding.

8. How to avoid getting and spreading AIDS?
Objective: Learn How AIDS Affect the Normal Immune Response
Key Words: Helper T cells, AIDS, HIV, CD4 receptors
How to avoid getting and spreading AIDS?
Abstinence: avoid sexual contact
Avoid sexual contact with anyone who is or might be infected with HIV, or abstain from sexual contact.
Practice protected sex with a person who is infected with HIV or whose infection status is unknown.
Drug users should seek help to stop taking drugs and should never share hypodermic needles, syringes, or other injection equipment.
Already infected women may take AZT during pregnancy and avoid breastfeeding to reduce the risk of transmitting HIV to the fetus or baby.
If you have put yourself in a high-risk situation, get tested for HIV to avoid spreading it to others.

9. Objective: Learn How AIDS Affect the Normal Immune Response
Key Words: Helper T cells, AIDS, HIV, CD4 receptors
AIDS Pandemic
More than 36 million infected with HIV worldwide
Most infections in sub-Sahara of Africa
Increasing spread in Asia and India
Most often spread by heterosexual contact outside U.S.