3. 1 st step: Attachment = Same 2 nd Step: Entry = Same

4. cell DNA Pro- virus 3 rd step: Replication –Provirus Created Virus DNA combines with cell DNA –Infected cell divides by mitosis and copies the provirus –Each new cell will contain the provirus Virus DNA Pro- virus

5. 4 th Step: Assembly Same, except many new viruses are being assembled in many cells 5 th Step: Release Same, except many cells burst releasing many more viruses

6. The viral DNA become active and starts making new viral proteins The infected cells burst…releasing the new viruses

7. HIV/AIDS

8. Retroviruses Type of RNA virus Contain enzyme called “reverse transcriptase” Steps –1) Virus RNA enters host cell –2) Reverse transcription produces DNA from the RNA –3) Virus DNA fuses with cell DNA (provirus created) Viral DNA lays dormant –4) Infected cell divides and spreads the virus –5) Eventually, the viral DNA becomes active in many cells Viral DNA  Viral RNA  Viral proteins Normal Transcription DNA  RNA Reverse Transcription RNA  DNA

9. How is HIV contracted? High risk activities: –1) Sex (oral, vaginal, anal) –2) Sharing needles (tattoos, piercings, drugs) Low risk activities: –3) Mother to child in womb –4) Breast milk –5) Blood transfusions High Risk Activities Low Risk Activities

10. HIV Prevention 100% Effective: Abstinence (not participating in sexual acts) If sexually active: Latex condoms are the only forms of birth control that prevent STDs and pregnancy If drug user: Change needles

11. What is AIDS? Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS results when: –1) Amount of T-cells drop (200 T-cells per 1mm³ blood) –2) Multiple symptoms/infections appear Rash, fever, headache, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes Therefore, the HIV virus causes the disease AIDS by killing your T-cells

12. What is AIDS? Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS results when: –1) Amount of T-cells drop (200 T-cells per 1mm³ blood) –2) Multiple symptoms/infections appear Rash, fever, headache, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes Therefore, the HIV virus causes the disease AIDS by killing your T-cells Gender of those living with HIV (2003)

13. What is AIDS? Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS results when: –1) Amount of T-cells drop (200 T-cells per 1mm³ blood) –2) Multiple symptoms/infections appear Rash, fever, headache, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes Therefore, the HIV virus causes the disease AIDS by killing your T-cells 2009: New Infections MSM: Men having sex with men IDU: Intravenous drug users (share needles) MSM/IDU: Men who share needles and have sex with men

14. What is AIDS? Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS results when: –1) Amount of T-cells drop (200 T-cells per 1mm³ blood) –2) Multiple symptoms/infections appear Rash, fever, headache, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes Therefore, the HIV virus causes the disease AIDS by killing your T-cells Female Transmission of HIV (2006)

19. 1.In order list the stages of the lytic/lysogenic cycles. 2.In which stage… does the host cell explode? are virus proteins built to make new viruses? is a provirus created? does a virus connect with the host cell’s receptors? 3.Which two objects make up a provirus? 4.Name the enzyme found within retroviruses. 5.The picture shows the normal steps of protein synthesis. Fill in the question marks with the words: Translation, Protein, Transcription, DNA 6.The picture below shows the steps of a retrovirus. Fill in the question marks with the words: viral RNA, transcription, translation, reverse transcription, viral DNA