1. Bell Ringer-DO NOW Write the things you KNOW about Plants
Write the things you WANT TO KNOW about plants
Fill in Your DO NOW chart
DO NOW: List all the things you already Know about plants. List the things you Want or need to know about plants organs.
What I Know What I Want to Know What I Learned

2. Plant Biology
Form and Function

3. What are we learning today?
Benchmark:
SC.912.L.14.7 – Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes. AA
Objectives:
Identify the major plant organs
Discuss the functions of the various plant organs

4. What is the essential question?
Plants are complex multicellular organisms with many organs and structures that allow them to carry out all of life’s processes. How do these organs and structures function?

5. Think-Write-Pair-Share
How are plant cells different from animal cells?
What are the functions of these organelles in plants?
Have students discuss how plant cells compare with animal cells. Encourage students to suggest the functions of the organelles found only in plant cells. Chloroplasts serve as the site for photosynthesis; cell walls provide support and protection.
Briefly describe how plants are composed of specialized cells that are organized into three types of tissues: dermal, ground, and vascular. These tissues function in growth, protection, photosynthesis, storage, and the transport of materials. These tissues are further organized into major organs: roots, stems, leaves, and flowers that allow plants to conduct all the functions of living things.

6. What are the types of cells found in plants?
Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Most abundant & least specialized
Loosely-packed, cube shaped or elongate
Large central vacuole and thin cell walls
Functions in storage and photosynthesis
Example: fleshy part of an apple or potato
Irregular in shape
Thicker cell walls but flexible to support new growth regions of the plant
Support the growing parts of plant
Example: tough strings on a celery stalk
Thick, rigid, non-stretchable cell walls
Often die at maturity leaving empty, box-like structures
Support non-growing parts of plants
Example: peach pith or nut shell

7. What are the types of tissues found in plants?
Plant tissues are organized into three systems:
Dermal tissue is like the “skin” of a plant in that it is the outmost layer of cells.
Vascular tissue is like the plant’s “veins,” transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant Phloem transports food and xylem transports water
Ground tissue is everything else. Ground tissue is made of cells whose cell walls have different thickness. 2 . V
ascular Tissue 
types:
Xylem = water
Phloem = food

8. Root Form and Function Two types of roots systems in plants:
Taproots
Fibrous roots
Roots are made up of a
Root cap protects the growth zone of the root
Root hairs increase water absorption rate
Roots have several functions
Anchor and support the plant
Absorb water and dissolved nutrients from the soil
Store food and water.

9. Root Form and Function How is a taproot different from a fibrous root?
What are the two main functions of roots?
How does a root prevent erosion?
How are the roots of most plants adapted to perform the major root functions?
How root hairs increases the ability of a plant to absorb water from the soil the plants grows in?

10. Stem Form and Function
Stem shape and growth are adaptations to the environment
Stems grow in length and thickness
Stems have several functions
Transport materials between a plant’s roots and its leaves
Support leaves and other structures
Store food and water

11. Stem Form and Function What are the three main functions of stems?
How do the functions of a stem relate to the roots and leaves of a plant?
Describe how water is transported through a plant?
What is the difference between primary and secondary growth?

12. Leaf Form and Function Main organs that carry out photosynthesis
Most leaves are flat to absorb sunlight
Leaves have small openings called stomata (stoma) that control gas exchange and water loss.
A major limitation of photosynthesis is insufficient water
Tiny structures called guard cells control the size of the stomata.

13. Leaf Form and Function What is the function of the stomata?
What is the function of guard cells?
What is function of leaf veins?
Would a 10 foot tree with no leaves but healthy roots be able to move water to its top? Explain your answer.
How does the thin, flat structure of leaf helps increase the efficiency of photosynthesis?
How does a leaf structure is an adaptation that allows intake of carbon dioxide with minimal water loss?
Vein
Leaf cross section
Mesophyll
CO2 O2
Stomata

14. Seed Form and Function
Seeds are the reproductive structure that contains a plant embryo
Seeds store food that the embryo uses for germination
Seeds have a protective coat
Seed may contain one (monocot) or two (dicot) seed plants.

15. Flower Form and Function
Modified leaves
Reproductive structure of angiosperms
During pollination, pollen (the male gamete) is transferred from the stamen to the stigma
Many attract animals
Others are wind pollinated
After fertilization it develops into a fruit.
Aids in dispersal of seeds
Delays germination
Protects the seed

16. Cone Form and Function
Reproductive organ of gymnosperms (“naked seeds”)
Male cones produce sperm
Female cones produce eggs.
Wind pollinated
After fertilization, a seed develops
Seeds are not enclosed in protective fruit.
Most gymnosperms are hermaphrodites (see picture). Why would it bear male cones on the lower branches, below the female cones?

17. Reproduction Form and Function
How are the different part of a flower involved in reproduction?
Why is it adaptive for some seeds to remain dormant before they germinate?
Why did the development of the seed was a major factor in the success of plants?
How do the flowers of wind-pollinated plants differ from the flowers of animal-pollinated plants?
How might it be an advantage for a plant to have many flowers together?
Why might wind-pollinated plants create more problems for allergy sufferers than animal-pollinated plants?

18. What is the essential question?
Plants are complex multicellular organisms with many organs and structures that allow them to carry out all of life’s processes. How do these organs and structures function?