1. World War II Section 1: The Gathering Storm

2. Stalin’s Totalitarian State Stalin came to power after Lenin’s death in 1924 Stalin came to power after Lenin’s death in 1924 Totalitarian state – a single party controls the government and every aspect of people’s lives Totalitarian state – a single party controls the government and every aspect of people’s lives Citizens must obey without questionCitizens must obey without question Criticism of gov. is severely punishedCriticism of gov. is severely punished Millions were executed or sent to labor campsMillions were executed or sent to labor camps Political opponents/enemies were executedPolitical opponents/enemies were executed Many confessed to false charges under tortureMany confessed to false charges under torture

3. Fascist Italy Fascism – rooted in militarism, extreme nationalism, and blind loyalty to the state. Fascism – rooted in militarism, extreme nationalism, and blind loyalty to the state. Mussolini – Il Duce (“the leader”) Mussolini – Il Duce (“the leader”) Fought in WWI – wounded by shrapnelFought in WWI – wounded by shrapnel Came to power in 1922Came to power in 1922 Used anger at Versailles Treaty to gain support.Used anger at Versailles Treaty to gain support. Outlawed all political parties except his ownOutlawed all political parties except his own Controlled the press and banned critics of gov.Controlled the press and banned critics of gov. Students learned – “Mussolini is always right”Students learned – “Mussolini is always right”

4. Conquering Ethiopia Mussolini promised to restore greatness of Ancient Rome Mussolini promised to restore greatness of Ancient Rome Military aggression – warlike act by one country against another without just causeMilitary aggression – warlike act by one country against another without just cause Invaded Ethiopia in 1935Invaded Ethiopia in 1935 Ethiopia fought back but was outmatched Ethiopia fought back but was outmatched Emperor Haile Selassie asked League of Nations for help, but did not receive any Emperor Haile Selassie asked League of Nations for help, but did not receive any

5. Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler Born April 20 th, 1889 in Braunau am Inn, Austria-HungaryBorn April 20 th, 1889 in Braunau am Inn, Austria-HungaryBraunau am InnAustria-HungaryBraunau am InnAustria-Hungary Was beaten as a child by his fatherWas beaten as a child by his father Dropped out of high schoolDropped out of high school without a degree Wanted to be an artist orWanted to be an artist or architect but did not have the money or schooling needed

6. Adolf Hitler Rejected by Art Academy twiceRejected by Art Academy twice Ran out of money, lived in a homeless shelter for a year.Ran out of money, lived in a homeless shelter for a year. Some believe his Anti-Semitism was influenced by Martin LutherSome believe his Anti-Semitism was influenced by Martin Luther In Mein Kampf, Hitler refers to Martin Luther as a great warrior, a true statesmen, and a great reformer In Mein Kampf, Hitler refers to Martin Luther as a great warrior, a true statesmen, and a great reformer Served in WWI as a runnerServed in WWI as a runner Became German citizen in 1932Became German citizen in 1932 Time “Man of the Year” in 1938Time “Man of the Year” in 1938

7. Adolf Hitler Became leader of the National Socialist Party in July 1921.Became leader of the National Socialist Party in July 1921. Changed the name to National Socialist German Workers’ Party, became known as the Nazi party Changed the name to National Socialist German Workers’ Party, became known as the Nazi party Gained support by proclaiming that Germany had not lost, but had been stabbed in the back. Gained support by proclaiming that Germany had not lost, but had been stabbed in the back. Jews and other traitors became Jews and other traitors became the scapegoat.

8. Adolf Hitler Became Chancellor of Germany in 1933 Became Chancellor of Germany in 1933 The Aryan Race – Hitler believed that the Germans were superior to other races, especially Jews.The Aryan Race – Hitler believed that the Germans were superior to other races, especially Jews. Jews were deprived of citizenship, forbidden to use public facilities, and driven out of nearly every job.Jews were deprived of citizenship, forbidden to use public facilities, and driven out of nearly every job. Jews eventually were forced into concentration camps.Jews eventually were forced into concentration camps.

9. The Nazi War Machine Hitler claimed that Germany had a right to expand their territory Hitler claimed that Germany had a right to expand their territory Began to build up armed forcesBegan to build up armed forces 1936 – invaded the Rhineland, the area between France and Germany1936 – invaded the Rhineland, the area between France and Germany The League of Nations protested, but did little else.The League of Nations protested, but did little else.

11. Military Rule in Japan Japan suffered from the Depression as well Japan suffered from the Depression as well Military leaders took control of countryMilitary leaders took control of country Belief in racial superiorityBelief in racial superiority Asian Expansion Asian Expansion 1931 – Seized Manchuria in NE China1931 – Seized Manchuria in NE China Land was rich in coal and iron, two things Japan did not have Land was rich in coal and iron, two things Japan did not have League of Nations and U.S. condemned the action but did nothing else. League of Nations and U.S. condemned the action but did nothing else.

13. American Isolationism America was determined to not get involved America was determined to not get involved Neutrality Acts – 1935 – banned arms sales and loans to countries at warNeutrality Acts – 1935 – banned arms sales and loans to countries at war Congress also warned Americans not to travel on ships of countries at warCongress also warned Americans not to travel on ships of countries at war Good Neighbor Policy – attempt to improve relations with Latin AmericaGood Neighbor Policy – attempt to improve relations with Latin America Removed troops from Nicaragua and Haiti Removed troops from Nicaragua and Haiti Cancelled Platt Amendment Cancelled Platt Amendment