1. Chapter 26, Section 1

2.  After World War many Americans believed Americans should never again become involved in a war.  In the 1930’s economic hard times in Italy, Germany, and Japan helped topple democratic governments Ambitious rulers gained power and set out to conquer neighboring lands

3. Depression Diplomacy  In the U.S. in the 1930’s people had too many economic worries to care about overseas events  As threats in Europe and Asia grew a strong isolationist mood gripped the country

4. Ensuring neutrality  Neutrality Acts: banned arms sales or loans to countries at war Warned not to travel on ships of countries at war

5. Cooperation with Latin America  1930 president Hoover rejected the Roosevelt Corollary with the Monroe Doctrine The U.S. no longer claimed the right to intervene in the affairs of Latin American nations  Good Neighbor Policy: FDR withdrew American troops from Nicaragua and from Haiti

6. Cooperation with Latin America  FDR also withdrew the Platt amendment, which had limited the independence of Cuba  As war clouds loomed FDR was eager to build strong ties with the Western Hemisphere

7. Fascists in Italy  By 1930 dictators had won power in Italy and Germany  Dictator: a ruler who has complete power over a country Exploit economic troubles and feelings of nationalism to win support

8. Mussolini  1922 Benito Mussolini seized power in Italy Played on Italian anger about the Versailles Treaty ending WWI ○ Italians felt cheated because it did not grant Italy all the territory it wanted Used economic unrest and fears of communist revolution to win support for his Fascist Party

9. Mussolini  Once in power Mussolini outlawed all political parties except his own

10. Invading Ethiopia  Mussolini used foreign conquest to distract Italians from economic hard times  Wanted to build a new Rome

11. Invading Ethiopia Invaded Ethiopia Ethiopian emperor Haile Selaissie called on the League of Nations for help ○ The League of Nations responded weakly Britain and France were concentrating on their own economic problems Memories of WWI made them unwillingly to risk another war

12. Rise of Nazi Germany  Like Mussolini Adolf Hitler used anger about the Versailles Treaty which blamed their country for WWI  Hitler organized a political party  National Socialist German Workers’ Party or NAZIS  Hitler claimed Germans belonged to a superior “Aryan “ race

13. Rise of Nazi Germany  Hitler blamed Jews for Germany’s troubles Germany had not lost the war, rather Jews and other traitors had stabbed Germany in the back False argument but in troubles times people clung to it

14. Rise of Nazi Germany  Hitler was a powerful speaker and skillful leader  When the depression struck Germans to Hitler with answers to their problems

15. Hitler Comes to Power  1933 Hitler became chancellor or head of the German Government Within 2 years he ended democratic government

16. Hitler Comes to Power  Totalitarian state: a single party controls the government and every aspect of the lives of the people Criticism of the government was not permitted Government controlled the press, schools, and religion Nazis passed laws against Jews ○ Jews were deprived of their citizenship, forbidden to use public facilities and driven out of almost every type of work

17. Hitler Comes to Power  As Nazi power grew attacks on Jews increased Rounded up thousands of Jews and sent them to concentration camps, or prisons In time Hitler would unleash his plans to kill all the Jews in Europe: Final Solution

18. Hitler Comes to Power  Germany built up its armed forces, in violation of the Versailles Treaty  Hitler claimed Germany had the right to expand East  The League of Nations condemned Hitler’s actions Hitler ignored the League and moved ahead with his plans

19. A Dictator in the Soviet Union  In the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin knew Hitler hated communism and wanted to expand eastward  Stalin launched a series of five year plans to strengthen the economy His goal was to modernize Soviet industry and farming

20. A Dictator in the Soviet Union  Like Hitler Stalin created a totalitarian state Urged people to create more goods Anyone who resisted the government faced prison or death

21. A Dictator in the Soviet Union  Collective farms: government owned farms, peasants were forced to hand over their land and farm animals When farmers resisted millions were executed or sent to labor camps

22. A Dictator in the Soviet Union  Soviet economy expanded Steel and oil production rose Materials needs to fight German aggression Aggression: any warlike act by one country against another without just cause

23. Military Rulers in Japan  Japan’s economy suffered in the Great Depression Trade slowed Businesses failed

24. Military Rulers in Japan  Japanese grew impatient with their democratic government  Japan lacked many important resources Coal and oil

25. Military Rulers in Japan  New leaders believed Japan had the right to win an overseas empire Set out to expand in Asia

26. Attack on Manchuria  1931 Japanese forces seized Manchuria in northeastern China Wanted Manchuria because it was rich in coal and iron Set up a state there called Manchukuo

27. Attack on Manchuria  China called on the League of Nations for help They condemned Japanese aggression but did little to help U.S. refused to recognize Manchukuo but took no other action against Japan

28. War against China  1937 Japan began an all out war against China Japanese planes bombed Beijing, Shanghai, and other Chinese citie s

29. War against China  On ground Japanese troops defeated Chinese armies and occupied northern and Central China  The Japanese attacked alarmed the U.S. It was at threat to the Philippines, which the U.S. controlled  Isolationist feelings kept the U.S. from taking a strong stand

30. War in Europe  1936 Hitler moved troops in to the Rhineland near the border of France and Belgium Violation of the Versailles Treaty  1938 Hitler annexed Austria Another violation of the Versailles Treaty

31. Aggression in Czechoslovakia  Hitler then claimed the Sudetenland, the western part of Czechoslovakia Britain and France had signed treaties to Czechoslovakia

32. Aggression in Czechoslovakia  Munich Conference: Hitler invited leaders of Britain and France to meet with him Hitler assured the European leaders that he wanted no more territory

33. Aggression in Czechoslovakia  Appeasement: practice of giving in to aggression in order to avoid further conflict Britain and France gave into German claims in the Sudetenland hoping to preserve peace in Europe

34. Stalin and Hitler become allies  Britain tried to form an alliance with the Soviet Union Stalin rejected Britain’s offer and instead signed a treaty with Germany in August 1939  Nazi-Soviet Pact: Hitler and Stalin agreed not to attack each other Secretly agreed to divide up Poland and other parts of Eastern Europe

35. Stalin and Hitler become allies  The agreement left Hitler free to attack Poland without fear of having to fight the Soviet Union  September 1, 1939 German armies marched into Poland 2 days later Britain and France declared war on Germany

36.  Munich Conference: Hitler invited leaders of Britain and France to meet with him  Hitler assured the European leaders that he wanted no more territory