1. India-Pakistan and the Conflict over Kashmir

2. http://ibnl ive.in.co m/videos/ 103190/k ashmiri- women- join- fight- against- militancy.html 2:33pm Oct. 13, 2009

3. The Problem Both IndiaPakistan India and Pakistan Kashmir wish to control Kashmir… WHY?

4. Why do both India and Pakistan believe control of Kashmir is so important?

6. tribunalPeople of Kashmir still mostly tribunal ruralGeography is mostly rural -fierce mountains, deserts, & valleys undevelopedIndustry is undeveloped undevelopedNatural resources are undeveloped - no significant oil, gold, silver discovered …yet…

7. Why the Fuss?

8. Water Headwaters of the Indus RiverHeadwaters of the Indus River located in Kashmir begins in Kashmir –Indus begins in Kashmir, flows through Pakistan and then into India. dry out Pakistan –Kashmir is part of India and they could divert water and dry out Pakistan.

10. PakistanMuslimPakistan primarily Muslim IndiaHinduIndia primarily Hindu Kashmir primarily Muslim80% of people in Kashmir primarily Muslim Sikhs want to remain in IndiaSikhs (about 10% of the people in Kashmir) want to remain in India. Religion

12. Strategic Location For India, Kashmir acts as a buffer For Pakistan, Kashmir offers a fertile roadway into India for possible invasion

14. Who Controls Kashmir? Kashmir’s Ruler placed Kashmir under India’s control in exchange for protection from Pakistani invasion (60 years ago) NONO vote was held

15. never Kashmir’s people have never recognized India’s control over the region. benefits However, they do enjoy “benefits” from being part of India - excellent education, television, computer access

16. What has happened? India and Pakistan have fought 3 wars India won all three militant SikhsIndia won all three with the help of militant Sikhs (in Kashmir) U.S.UNNOTKashmir’s people would like the help of U.S. and UN, but they have NOT become involved …WHY?

17. The U.S. wants to be friends with BOTH Pakistan and India

18. Pakistan We have a Treaty with Pakistan saying we will come to their aid if they go to war with others and we will honor that. Location: Pakistan borders Afghanistan and it is important in our “war on terrorism”

19. India Large trading partner For the most part, India is a friend to the US

20. So… NOT The U.S. tries NOT to get involved or take sides.

21. First War cease-fire was declared Line of Control (LOC) was drawn separating the two sides. 2/3rds of Kashmir now under Indian control (Jammu, one of the three regions in Kashmir, with 9 million people) 1/3rd of Kashmir now under Pakistani control called Azad or “Free Kashmir”.

23. Who should control Kashmir???