2. How dangerous is the Kashmir dispute? How dangerous is the Kashmir dispute? It is potentially one of the most dangerous disputes in the world and in the worst-case scenario could trigger a nuclear conflict.

3. Partition 1947 –Aug 14 th : Pakistan Independent (midnight) –Aug 15 th : India Independent 1948: –Jan 4 th : Myanmar (Burma) Independent –Feb 4 th : Sri Lanka (Ceylon) Independent 1971: –East and West Pakistan separate/ –Bangladesh Independent (India supported Bangladesh)

4. Lord Mountbatten's plan for partition of India QUIT IndiaBritish QUIT India. –CHOOSE who you want. India? Pakistan? Hari SinghKashmir’s Maharajah: Hari Singh. –Hindu ruler with mostly Muslim constituency –Dillydallyed with decision. –Pakistan poised to invade –Singh flees, and strikes deal with India Vote for Kashmir… Never happens Kashmir: Mostly Muslim –India wants for MULTI-ETHNIC SECULAR DEMOCRACY –Pakistan wants B/C OF RELIGION War. Times four.

5. What are the rival claims?What are the rival claims? 1.Islamabad says Kashmir should have become part of Pakistan in 1947, because Muslims are in the majority in the region. Pakistan also argues that Kashmiris should be allowed to vote in a referendum on their future, as stated in many UN resolutions 2.Delhi, however, does not want international debate on the issue, arguing that the Simla Agreement of 1972 provided for a resolution through bilateral talks. India points to the Instrument of Accession signed in October 1947 by the Maharaja, Hari Singh. 3.Both India and Pakistan reject the option of Kashmir becoming an independent state. Who are the militants?Who are the militants? –Since the insurgency began in 1989, the number of armed Muslim separatists grew from hundreds to thousands. Is religion an issue?Is religion an issue? –Religion is an important aspect of the dispute. Partition in 1947 gave India's Muslims a state of their own: Pakistan. –The population of the Indian-administered state of Jammu and Kashmir is over 60% Muslim, making it the only state within India where Muslims are in the majority. What's the UN involvement?What's the UN involvement? –The UN has maintained a presence in the disputed area since 1949. Currently, the LoC is monitored by the UN Military Observer Group.

6. Line of Control (LoC) A demarcation line was originally established in January 1949 as a ceasefire line, following the end of the first Kashmir war. The LoC passes through a mountainous region about 19,685 feet above sea level. The highest battlefield on earth: The conditions there are so extreme that the bitter cold claims more lives than the sporadic military skirmishes. The LoC divides Kashmir: Location% of LandPopulation Pakistan (“Azad” or Free)North & West1/33 Million IndiaSouth & East2/39 Million

7. Map of India according to BBC Map of India according to an Indian classroom

9. Today in Kashmir: o Kashmir development promises o http://www.voanews.com/content/india-tightens-security-in- kashmir-ahead-of-modi-speech/2549874.html http://www.voanews.com/content/india-tightens-security-in- kashmir-ahead-of-modi-speech/2549874.html http://www.voanews.com/content/india-tightens-security-in- kashmir-ahead-of-modi-speech/2549874.html o Terrorism in Kashmir o http://www.voanews.com/content/soldiers-police-killed-in- predawn-attack-indian-kashmir/2546878.html http://www.voanews.com/content/soldiers-police-killed-in- predawn-attack-indian-kashmir/2546878.html http://www.voanews.com/content/soldiers-police-killed-in- predawn-attack-indian-kashmir/2546878.html o India PM Modi (Hindu) shakes up Kashmir election ( o India PM Modi (Hindu) shakes up Kashmir election (Hindu nationalist BJP) o http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/11/12/us-india-kashmir- idUSKCN0IW13220141112 http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/11/12/us-india-kashmir- idUSKCN0IW13220141112 http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/11/12/us-india-kashmir- idUSKCN0IW13220141112 o More Modi o http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-30380227 http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-30380227