1. World History – Chapter 3

2.  India includes Pakistan and Bangladesh  Southern region is called Deccan and Northern is called Hindustan  2 main rivers – Ganges and Indus (Indus River Valley)  Monsoon (seasonal wind from the sea) provides water

3.  Appeared about the same time as the Old Kingdom in Egypt  The Harappa civilization centered between cities of Harappa and Mohenjo Daro  Lasted 1000 years  Grew barley, wheat, built public bath system, sewer, and underground drainage  Produced copper tools, bronze, and traded w/ Mesopotamia  Had gold and silver jewelry; had a writing system; cities were built on a grid; they built brick buildings up to 4 stories  Good at math  1500 B.C. the Aryans destroyed both cities and India entered a dark age

4.  People reverted back to Neolithic Age for about 500 years  Around 1000 B.C., urban civilization began to reappear along the Ganges  City states grew; social groups evolved; began the Caste System: 1.Warriors 2.Priests 3.Land Owners 4.Merchant and Commoners  Still exists today – much more detailed and many more levels

5.  India has the 2 biggest religions: Buddhism and Hinduism  Hinduism has 3 part god: 1.Brahma – Creator 2.Vishnu – Preserver 3.Shiva – Destroyer  All together called “Brahman”  All living things have souls  Reincarnation – reborn souls are in the bodies of other creatures

6.  Dharma – fulfillment of moral duty in this life so that the soul progresses toward deliverance in the next  Karma – a belief that the present condition of a person’s life reflects what a person did/did not do in a previous life  Karma determines what you will be reincarnated as  Meditate to reach Brahman  Political leaders justified the Caste System

7.  Buddha – (means “enlightened one”) was shocked by death and suffering on earth  Began to search for peace  Eliminate desire for things (process called Nirvana)  Must have no desire; cultivate compassion; honesty; unselfishness; reject violence; have a job that doesn’t bring violence to living creatures; no evil thoughts  Did not recognize the Caste System which made the lower caste people to want to join

8. OOriginally, all had to shave heads and wear robes SSplit in to two groups 1.Hinayanna – “little vehicle”; believe Buddha was a man 2.Mahayana – “big vehicle”; believe Buddha was a human incarnation of God

9.  Chandragupta began the Mauryan Empire in 300 B.C.  Huge army; 700,000+ soldiers; chariots; elephants  Had postal service; good roads; owned all the way to Hindu Kush  Ashoka (son of Chandragupta) earned the title “Conqueror” by killing 100,000+ and capturing over150,000

10.  After Ashoka’s death, the empire crumbled in 230 B.C.  Foreign rulers owned until 320 A.D. when different Guptas took over  Chandragupta I started the Golden Age until overthrown in 535 A.D. by foreign invaders