1. Chapter 15 Section 3 Greek Learning

2. Anticipatory Set How many of you plan to study the following?
Philosophy
History
Science
Mathematics
Medicine
The Greek endured many contributions to these fields of knowledge

3. Standards S.S. 6.4.8 E-LA Reading 6.1.2
Describe the enduring contributions of important Greek figures in the arts and sciences (e.g., Hypatia, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Euclid, Thucydides)
E-LA Reading 6.1.2
Identify and interpret figurative language and words with multiple meanings.

4. Objective
Students will learn about the Greeks’ enduring contributions to philosophy, history, science, mathematics, and medicine.

5. Language of the Discipline
Reason
Logic
Plato
Academy
Thucydides
Aristotle

6. The Origins of Greek Philosophy (Input)
The Greeks had many questions like the Chinese but took their search deeper to determine what is true
The Greeks believed they could determine what is real by using reason, or the power to think in a clear manner
Greek developed a system of reasoning known as logic
Logic thinking involves a step-by-step method of thinking through a problem or question

7. Socrates and Plato (Input)
Philosophers resided in Athens
Socrates drifted around Athens in a tattered coat
People came up to talk to him wherever he went
Socrates would ask people question after question to make them think clearly about things
Today this method is called the Socratic method and used in a variety of subjects
He often challenged accepted beliefs which got him in to trouble with Athenian leaders
They charged him with corrupting the young and not believing in the gods

8. Socrates and Plato (Input)

9. Socrates and Plato (Input)
Socrates was sentenced to death
He was ordered to drink poison made from the hemlock plant
Socrates had his student Plato write his ideas down
Plato demonstrated how Socrates used his teaching methods to guide people to think logically by using dialogue
Plato went on to find a school of philosophy called an academy
Today the word academy means a school devoted to a particular subject

10. Greek Historians (Input)
Greeks searched for wisdom by studying the past
They investigated what happened in the past and why these events took place
Herodotus “the father of history” wrote The Histories which is the first known narrative of history
He was the first known to examine historical events critically
He lived during the Persian Wars, which is where conflict and culture of both peoples became the subject of The Histories

11. Greek Historians (Input)

12. Greek Historians (Input)
Thucydides was also a historian who lived during the time of conflict between Athens and Sparta (The Peloponnesian War)
He served as a naval commander in the war
Before writing about a battle he would go visit it and interview the people who had be present
He wanted his history to be accurate so that people would not repeat mistakes of the past

13. Science and Medicine (Input)
Most ancient Greeks assumed the gods caused everything
Even though many believed this, Greeks began to look for natural causes of events
Greeks formed hypotheses, or logical guesses, to explain what they observed
Many of their hypotheses were wrong, but they laid the foundations of modern science, mathematics, and medicine

14. The Natural Sciences (Input)
Greeks began the scientific study of nature
They believed that natural laws governed the universe and not the gods
Identifying and explaining those laws became a challenge
One of the first scientific thinkers was Thales of Miletus
He began his study by asking “what are all things made of?” His answer water was incorrect
He believed that the earth was a flat disk that floated on water

15. The Natural Sciences (Input)

16. The Natural Sciences (Input)
He inspired better thinker like Democritus to believe that the universe was made up of atoms
Thales asked questions about the earth that were based on observations of nature
The most famous natural philosopher was the scholar Aristotle
He studies Plato’s Academy
He was interested in all kinds of knowledge
He collected and analyzed data about plants, animals, and rocks.
He studied math and logic
He wrote about government, poetry, politics, and drama

17. Mathematics (Input)
Greeks discovered many basic concepts in mathematics
Pythagoras of Samos was an early Greek mathematician who thought numbers were the key to understanding the universe
Geometry students today still learn the Pythagorean theorem
Euclid was another important mathematician who was known for bringing together geometry in his book Elements
This work still forms the basis of many modern geometry textbook

18. Mathematics (Input)

19. Medicine (Input) The Greeks made contributions to medicine
Greek doctors looked for natural causes of illnesses instead of blaming the gods
Their success at treating patients brought the Greeks fame
Hippocrates taught his students to diagnose patients by asking them questions about their illnesses and observing their symptoms
He also had them swear by oath which is still done today

20. Check for Understanding
Please determine the BEST answer for the following question.
Please write your answer on your white boards and wait for the teacher’s signal.
On the teacher’s signal, hold up your white boards.

21. Checking for Understanding #1
Fill in the blank
_______________ is the power to think in a clear manner
Reason

22. Checking for Understanding #2
Answer the following question.
How did Plato demonstrate the teachings of Socrates?
In a series of conversations called dialogues

23. Checking for Understanding #3
Answer the following question.
What did early scientists believe governed the universe?
Natural laws

24. Guided Practice/Independent Practice
Complete questions on the reading comprehension worksheet.
Raise your hand and wait to get stamped.
If you received an “R” go to the back table with Ms. Graham.
Independent Practice
Once you have been stamped moved to independent practice and complete numbers 3 and 4 on the reading comprehension worksheet.
Homework
Note-taking guide on the reverse side.