1. functions of respiratory system mechanisms of breathing the pleura……again pleurisy & pneumothorax CNS control of breathing the nose the pharynx the larynx and vocal cords lung anatomy trachea and bronchial tree alveoli and gas exchange COPD’s and lung cancer

2. Jess got stabbed in the chest and the knife went between his ribs and pierced his left lung. his lung collapsed – what does that mean? describe why the lung collapses and why. how do physicians treat a collapsed lung?

3. Nose & nasal cavity Pharynx = throat Larynx = voice box Trachea = windpipe Bronchi = airways Lungs Gas exchange Olfaction (smell) Filters & warms air produces sound

4. External intercostals = move ribs up & out Diaphragm contracts & flattens Inspiration & Expiration

5. Accessory breathing muscles: SCM, scalenes, pectoralis major & minor & serratus anterior Pectoralis minor

6. Pleura parietal & visceral pleural cavity pleurisy

8. Alveolar pressure decreases & air rushes in Alveolar pressure increases & air rushes out

9. What happens to the lungs when a hole is punctured into the pleural cavity? Pneumothorax = air in pleural cavity

10. E I

11. Upper respiratory tract - URI nose pharynx larynx pharynx larynx

12. External Nose Skin, nasal bones, & cartilage Lined with mucous membrane Openings = nostrils

13. superior middle inferior conchae Nasal cavity Olfactory nerve CN I

15. Pharyngeal tonsil Auditory tube Nasopharynx = air only nasal cavity to soft palate mucous membrane

16. Oropharynx = food and air soft palate to epiglottis (at level of hyoid bone Palatine tonsil Lingual tonsil epiglottis

17. Laryngopharynx = food & air Hyoid bone Cricoid cartilage Esophagus larynx Oropharynx to opening of esophagus (parallel to cricoid cartilage) epiglottis & airway….

18. epiglottis Vestibular folds Corniculate cartilage adducted abducted

19. Fig. 23.4(TE Art) Epiglottic cartilage Hyoid bone Thyroid cartilage Arytenoid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Trachea Tracheal cartilage Epiglottis Arytenoid muscle Vocal cord Thyroid cartilage Hyoid bone MedialPosteriorAnterior Vestibular fold

20. Thyroid cartilage Corniculate cartilage Arytenoid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Arytenoid cartilage Corniculate cartilage Vocal cords Posterior view Innervation: CN IX – swallowing CN X - speech

21. Hyoid Epiglottis Thyroid & cricoid cartilage Corniculate & arytenoid cartilage Thyroid cartilage Epiglottis Esophagus Vestbular folds Vocal cords Arytenoid cartilage Branches of CN X

22. Fig. 23.5

23. apex base Oblique fissure Horizontal fissure Cardiac impression superior middle Inf. Root of the lung Bronchi Pulmonary art Pulmonary veins

24. Fig. 23.7a(TE Art) Larynx Trachea Primary bronchi Secondary bronchi Tertiary bronchi

25. Fig. 23.7c(TE Art) Smooth muscle Hyaline cartilage ring Mucosa Mucous gland Perichondrium

26. 1o1o 2o2o 3o3o 3 o bronchiole (10/lung) Terminal bronchiole Respiratory bronchiole Alveoli bronchi

29. bronchiole Terminal bronchiole Respiratory bronchiole Alveoli

30. Great alveolar cell Capillary endothelial cell Respiratory membrane Fluid with surfactant Lymphocyte Squamous alveolar cell Alveolar macrophage Respiratory distress syndrome

31. COPD’s Dyspnea 1.Asthma 2.Chronic bronchitis 3.Emphysema 4.Tuberculosis (TB)

32. Emphysema = increased elastase activity Bronchodilators Lung volume reduction surgery

33. Lung cancer small cell lung cancer or oat cell (20%) non-small cell lung cancer – squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, large-cell 5 year survival rate = 15%