1. Nicotine and Tobacco Use The harmful effects of smoking

2. What’s in a Cigarette? Nicotine- can cause physical or psychological dependence; is the addictive drug in tobacco leaves Nicotine- can cause physical or psychological dependence; is the addictive drug in tobacco leaves Nicotine is classified as a stimulant, which can increase the action of the CNS. Nicotine is classified as a stimulant, which can increase the action of the CNS. Carcinogens- cancer-causing substance Carcinogens- cancer-causing substance Tar- thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns Tar- thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns Carbon monoxide- colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas; can be absorbed more easily than oxygen Carbon monoxide- colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas; can be absorbed more easily than oxygen

3. Short-term effects of smoking Respiratory System Respiratory System Harmful particles settle in air passages, causes coughing, shortness of breath Harmful particles settle in air passages, causes coughing, shortness of breath Peripheral Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Decreases the response level of some reflexes Decreases the response level of some reflexes Endocrine System Endocrine System Decreases the levels of the hormone involved in preventing blood clotting Decreases the levels of the hormone involved in preventing blood clotting Decreases release of fluid from pancreas, increase the levels of sugar in blood Decreases release of fluid from pancreas, increase the levels of sugar in blood Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular System Increase in heart rate and blood pressure, increase in volume of blood pumped per beat, increase force of heart contractions, narrows blood vessels in skin, narrows veins Increase in heart rate and blood pressure, increase in volume of blood pumped per beat, increase force of heart contractions, narrows blood vessels in skin, narrows veins Central Nervous System (CNS) Central Nervous System (CNS) Changes brain wave patterns (addiction, withdrawal) Changes brain wave patterns (addiction, withdrawal)

4. Long-term effects of smoking Chronic bronchitis is repeated tobacco use that causes damage to the cilia in the bronchi. Chronic bronchitis is repeated tobacco use that causes damage to the cilia in the bronchi. Emphysema destroys the air sacs within the lungs. The air sacs become less elastic and make it difficult to breath. Emphysema destroys the air sacs within the lungs. The air sacs become less elastic and make it difficult to breath. Lung Cancer Lung Cancer Coronary heart disease and stroke; decrease circulation Coronary heart disease and stroke; decrease circulation

5. Preventing Tobacco Use Choose friends that do not use tobacco Choose friends that do not use tobacco Avoid situations in which tobacco is being used (think back to ‘saying no’) Avoid situations in which tobacco is being used (think back to ‘saying no’) Practice and use refusal skills Practice and use refusal skills

6. Risks for smokers and non-smokers Environmental tobacco smoke (secondhand smoke) Environmental tobacco smoke (secondhand smoke) Mainstream smoke is the smoke exhaled from the lungs of the smoker Mainstream smoke is the smoke exhaled from the lungs of the smoker Side-stream smoke is the smoke from the burning end of a cigarette Side-stream smoke is the smoke from the burning end of a cigarette

7. Smokeless Tobacco Tobacco that can be taken into the body through the nose or mouth. Tobacco that can be taken into the body through the nose or mouth. Smokeless tobacco can produce chemicals that can be absorbed into the body 3x’s faster than a cigarette Smokeless tobacco can produce chemicals that can be absorbed into the body 3x’s faster than a cigarette Leukoplakia- thick, white, leathery-looking spots in the mouth that can develop into oral cancer Leukoplakia- thick, white, leathery-looking spots in the mouth that can develop into oral cancer

8. Nicotine Substitutes Manufactured forms of nicotine that deliver small amounts of the drug into the system Manufactured forms of nicotine that deliver small amounts of the drug into the system Less use of the substitute is needed over time Less use of the substitute is needed over time Nicotine substitutes comes in many forms: gum, patch, nasal spray, prescription pill. Nicotine substitutes comes in many forms: gum, patch, nasal spray, prescription pill. Without a substitute a smoker may go through withdrawal. Without a substitute a smoker may go through withdrawal. List the symptoms of withdrawal List the symptoms of withdrawal

9. Tips to Quit Set a date to quit and stick with it Set a date to quit and stick with it Throw all the tobacco products away Throw all the tobacco products away Decide on the approach you will take to quit Decide on the approach you will take to quit Set short-term and long-term goals Set short-term and long-term goals Set up a support system Set up a support system Reward yourself Reward yourself

10. Benefits of Quitting Improved cardio- respiratory endurance Improved cardio- respiratory endurance Breathe easier Breathe easier Reduce the chance of cancer, heart disease, or stroke Reduce the chance of cancer, heart disease, or stroke Freedom from addiction Freedom from addiction Save money Save money

11. Changes in the body after quitting Heart rate returns to normal Heart rate returns to normal Carbon monoxide levels in blood return to normal Carbon monoxide levels in blood return to normal Lung function begins to improve Lung function begins to improve Coughing and shortness of breath begin to decrease Coughing and shortness of breath begin to decrease Risks of cancer and COPD decrease Risks of cancer and COPD decrease