1. “Tobacco” 7 th Grade Health February 16 th, 2010 Chapel Hill 7 th and 8 th Grade Center

2. The Effects of Tobacco Use Key Points: Describe the harmful substances contained in tobacco and in tobacco smoke Describe the harmful substances contained in tobacco and in tobacco smoke Examine the harmful effects of tobacco use on body systems. Examine the harmful effects of tobacco use on body systems. Analyze the harmful effects of tobacco, such as physical, mental, social, or legal consequences. Analyze the harmful effects of tobacco, such as physical, mental, social, or legal consequences.

3. Tobacco Use – A Serious Health Risk Surgeon General Surgeon General #1 cause of preventable disease and death in the United States #1 cause of preventable disease and death in the United States All tobacco products must carry warning labels All tobacco products must carry warning labels Avoiding all forms of tobacco can prevent many serious health problems. Avoiding all forms of tobacco can prevent many serious health problems.

4. Nicotine Major reason users find it difficult to quit is that tobacco contains an addictive drug. Major reason users find it difficult to quit is that tobacco contains an addictive drug. a substance that causes physiological or psychological dependence. a substance that causes physiological or psychological dependence. All tobacco products contain nicotine. All tobacco products contain nicotine. The addictive drug found in tobacco leaves The addictive drug found in tobacco leaves Nicotine is classified as a stimulant. Nicotine is classified as a stimulant. A drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs. A drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs.

5. Cigarette Smoke – A Toxic Mixture Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classified environmental tobacco smoke, or secondhand smoke, as a Group A carcinogen. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classified environmental tobacco smoke, or secondhand smoke, as a Group A carcinogen. Most dangerous type of carcinogen. Most dangerous type of carcinogen. Carcinogen: Carcinogen: Cancer-causing substance. Cancer-causing substance. Cigarettes = 43 known carcinogens Cigarettes = 43 known carcinogens Cyanide, formaldehyde, & arsenic Cyanide, formaldehyde, & arsenic Also contains poisons found in: Also contains poisons found in: Insecticides, paint, toilet cleaners, antifreeze, rat poison, and explosives. Insecticides, paint, toilet cleaners, antifreeze, rat poison, and explosives.

6. Tar Cigarette smoke contains tar. Cigarette smoke contains tar. Thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns Thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns What does tar do? What does tar do? Destroys cilia Destroys cilia Tiny hairlike structures that line the upper airways and protect against infection Tiny hairlike structures that line the upper airways and protect against infection Damages the alveoli/air sacs Damages the alveoli/air sacs Absorb oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide Absorb oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide Destroys lung tissue Destroys lung tissue Makes lungs less able to function Makes lungs less able to function More susceptible to emphysema, bronchitis, pneumonia, and cancer. More susceptible to emphysema, bronchitis, pneumonia, and cancer.

7. Carbon Monoxide Colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas Colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas Taken up more readily by the blood than oxygen Taken up more readily by the blood than oxygen Increases risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, and hardening of the arteries. Increases risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, and hardening of the arteries.

8. Harmful Effects of Pipes and Cigars Cigars contain significantly more nicotine and produce more tar and carbon monoxide than cigarettes. Cigars contain significantly more nicotine and produce more tar and carbon monoxide than cigarettes. 1 cigar = 1 pack of cigarettes 1 cigar = 1 pack of cigarettes Pipe and cigar smokers = increased risk of developing cancers Pipe and cigar smokers = increased risk of developing cancers Lip, mouth, & throat Lip, mouth, & throat

9. Harmful Effects of Smokeless Tobacco Smokeless Tobacco Smokeless Tobacco Tobacco that is sniffed through the nose, held in the mouth, or chewed Tobacco that is sniffed through the nose, held in the mouth, or chewed NOT a safe alternative to smoking NOT a safe alternative to smoking Contains nicotine and 28 carcinogens Contains nicotine and 28 carcinogens Delivers both nicotine and carcinogens to the body at levels that can be 2-3 times the amount delivered by a single cigarette. Delivers both nicotine and carcinogens to the body at levels that can be 2-3 times the amount delivered by a single cigarette.

10. Smokeless Tobacco Continued.. 8-10 plugs of smokeless tobacco each day 8-10 plugs of smokeless tobacco each day Same amount nicotine as a 2 pack-a-day smoker Same amount nicotine as a 2 pack-a-day smoker Causes leukoplakia. Causes leukoplakia. Thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer. Thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer. Cancers of throat, larynx, esophagus, stomach, and pancreas Cancers of throat, larynx, esophagus, stomach, and pancreas More common among smokeless tobacco users. More common among smokeless tobacco users.

11. Health Risks of Tobacco Nervous system Nervous system Increased risk of stroke Increased risk of stroke Respiratory system Respiratory system Coughing or “smoker’s hack” Coughing or “smoker’s hack” Increased risk of emphysema, lung cancer, and chronic bronchitis Increased risk of emphysema, lung cancer, and chronic bronchitis Digestive system Digestive system Increased risk of cancers of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus Increased risk of cancers of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus Increased risk of gum recession, tooth decay, and tooth loss Increased risk of gum recession, tooth decay, and tooth loss Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Increased risk of cancers of the stomach and pancreas Increased risk of cancers of the stomach and pancreas

12. Risks Continued… Cardiovascular system Cardiovascular system Increased heart rate and blood pressure Increased heart rate and blood pressure Hardened arteries and decreased blood flow Hardened arteries and decreased blood flow Increased risk of heart attack Increased risk of heart attack Excretory system Excretory system Increased risk of cancer of the bladder Increased risk of cancer of the bladder Increased risk of cancer of the kidneys Increased risk of cancer of the kidneys

13. Short-Term Effects Changes in brain chemistry Changes in brain chemistry Nicotine causes the body to crave more of the drug Nicotine causes the body to crave more of the drug May experience withdrawal symptoms May experience withdrawal symptoms Headaches, nervousness, trembling Headaches, nervousness, trembling Increased respiration and heart rate Increased respiration and heart rate Breathing during PA = more difficult Breathing during PA = more difficult Nicotine may cause an irregular heart beat Nicotine may cause an irregular heart beat

14. Short-Term Effects Continued.. Dulled taste buds and reduced appetite. Dulled taste buds and reduced appetite. Bad breath, smelly hair, clothes, and skin. Bad breath, smelly hair, clothes, and skin.

15. Long-Terms Effects Chronic bronchitis Chronic bronchitis Damage the cilia in the bronchi Damage the cilia in the bronchi Leads to buildup of tar in lungs Leads to buildup of tar in lungs Causes chronic coughing and excessive mucus secretion. Causes chronic coughing and excessive mucus secretion. Emphysema Emphysema Disease the destroys tiny air sacs in lungs Disease the destroys tiny air sacs in lungs Air sacs become less elastic Air sacs become less elastic More difficult for lungs to absorb oxygen More difficult for lungs to absorb oxygen A person w/ advanced emphysema uses up to 80% of his/her energy just to breathe. A person w/ advanced emphysema uses up to 80% of his/her energy just to breathe.

16. Long-Term Effects Continued… Lung Cancer Lung Cancer Cilia in the bronchi are destroyed, extra mucus cannot be expelled. Cancerous cells can grow in these conditions, block the bronchi, and move to the lungs. Cilia in the bronchi are destroyed, extra mucus cannot be expelled. Cancerous cells can grow in these conditions, block the bronchi, and move to the lungs. Unless detected early, causes death! Unless detected early, causes death! Coronary heart disease/Stroke Coronary heart disease/Stroke Nicotine constricts blood vessels Nicotine constricts blood vessels cuts down on circulation cuts down on circulation Nicotine contributes to plaque buildup Nicotine contributes to plaque buildup Arteriosclerosis Arteriosclerosis Death from heart disease = 3x greater for smokers Death from heart disease = 3x greater for smokers

17. Other Consequences Legal Consequences Legal Consequences Selling to person under 18 is illegal in ALL states Selling to person under 18 is illegal in ALL states Schools prohibit use of tobacco products Schools prohibit use of tobacco products Student may be suspended/expelled Student may be suspended/expelled Social Consequences Social Consequences Many people find secondhand smoke and smell offensive. Many people find secondhand smoke and smell offensive. Tobacco users may be excluded from gatherings Tobacco users may be excluded from gatherings Bad breath, yellowed teeth, & stained fingers may damage one’s social life Bad breath, yellowed teeth, & stained fingers may damage one’s social life Financial Consequences Financial Consequences Pack-a-day smoker spends more that $2,000.00 each year. Pack-a-day smoker spends more that $2,000.00 each year. Total economic cost of tobacco use to taxpayers in the US Total economic cost of tobacco use to taxpayers in the US $97 billion/year (including medical costs) $97 billion/year (including medical costs) 2005 information 2005 information

18. Discussion Questions What is nicotine? Why is it harmful? What is nicotine? Why is it harmful? Nicotine is the addictive drug found in tobacco leaves. It is addictive, and it contributes to heart disease and stroke. Nicotine is the addictive drug found in tobacco leaves. It is addictive, and it contributes to heart disease and stroke. Explain why cigarette smoke is toxic. Explain why cigarette smoke is toxic. It contains the poisons found in products such as paint, rat poison, toilet cleaner. It contains the poisons found in products such as paint, rat poison, toilet cleaner.