1. Aggression, Appeasement & War Chap 15: Section 4 Ms. Garratt CSS: 10.8. thru 10.9.1

2. What are the causes of world unrest? What is the purpose of the hose?

3. The Rising Sun Militarists gain control over gov Extreme nationalists, imperialists Co-Prosperity Asian sphere Manchuria 1931 League of Nations Nanking 1937 Tripartite Pact (Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis) Non-Comintern Pact

4. Rise of Fascism Political instability – dissatisfaction with democ Economic problems Communist threat Dissatisfaction with Versailles Treaty Militant, aggressive nationalism Imperialist, social Darwinist agenda Charismatic leaders promising hope Paramilitary groups & use of violence

5. Italy Challenges Peace Italy – Violated League of Nations (LON) by invading Ethiopia in 1935 – LON voted sanctions but did not withhold oil which fueled their war machine – Britain allowed Italy to use Suez Canal – LON did not have military to enforce its will. – This incident will be the first to show the impotence of the LON

6. Imperialism: Social Darwinism

7. Hitler’s Defies Versailles Treaty 1935 rearmed Germany & Luftwaffe 1936 Army marched into Rhineland which was supposed to be buffer between France and Germany 1938 Implemented the Anschluss with Austria 1938 invades Czechoslovakia Neither Western nations nor League of Nations did anything to stop him. Hitler saw this as weakness and it gave him the green light to demand even more.

8. Why Appeasement? Great Depression Brutality of WWI needed to be avoided at all costs Britain had always thought that the Versailles terms were too harsh France preoccupied with unstable domestic politics

9. Reaction in the US Isolationism Nye Committee Not part of LON

10. Rome-Berlin- Tokyo Axis Alliance of 3 fascist govs Each opposed Soviet communism – Anti- Comintern Pact Each had territorial ambitions Agreed to regional hegemony

11. Spanish Civil War Franco (fascist) overthrew the democratic gov 1931 Nazis assisted Franco - was dress rehearsal (Guernica) Practiced bombing civilian targets in Guernica Franco won and supported Nazis during the war

13. Picasso’s La Guernica

14. Nazi Expansion: The Anschluss Austrian had German population that he wanted to unite with Germany Hitler brought pressure on Austrian gov to removed anti-Nazis from gov & give Chancellorship to Nazi Marched in without a single shot. Violated Versailles Treaty

15. Anschluss 1938

16. The Czechoslovakia Crisis Hitler demanded the Sudetenland that was taken from Germany in the Versailles Treaty

17. Munich Agreement Appeasement GB & FR went to Munich to reach an agreement with Hitler Czech president, Benes, not even invited. Gave Hitler Sudetenland in return for promise that that was last terr demand

18. Interpret

19. Neville Chamberlain Returned from Munich claiming he has achieved “peace for our time” and that he had “saved Czechoslovakia from destruction and Europe from Armageddon.” Winston Churchill comments that “They had to choose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor; they will have war

20. Sudentenland

21. Why Appeasement Great Depression Brutality of WWI – Peace at any price (demo gov) France plagued with political instability Britain felt FR was paranoia & felt the TOV was too harsh. Both saw Hitler as a defense against Communism

23. Did Appeasement Work?

24. Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939 - Why Agreement stipulated: – Not to fight if the other went to war – They would divide Poland up Why did Hitler need this? Why was Stalin desperate for it?

27. Invasion of Poland 1939 How did Germany justify the invasion? What kinds of military tactics were used? How long before Poland surrendered? How did this affect British foreign policy? How did the USSR benefit from this? How did the Nazis treat the Poles & Jews?