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Psychology CHAPTER 1-INTRODUCTION Gender test-Girls or Guys-who is smarter ie/15.phphttp://viscog.beckman.illinois.edu/flashmov.

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Presentation on theme: "Psychology CHAPTER 1-INTRODUCTION Gender test-Girls or Guys-who is smarter ie/15.phphttp://viscog.beckman.illinois.edu/flashmov."— Presentation transcript:

1

2 Psychology CHAPTER 1-INTRODUCTION

3 Gender test-Girls or Guys-who is smarter http://viscog.beckman.illinois.edu/flashmov ie/15.phphttp://viscog.beckman.illinois.edu/flashmov ie/15.php

4 WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY? ANSWER: The Scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

5 What is Real Psychology and What is Pseudo-psychology? Pseudo-psychology is the phony or unscientific psychology which pretends to be the real thing. link

6 SUBJECTS OF STUDY? Both humans and animals are studied by psychologists.

7 Why study psychology? 1. Insight 2. Practical info.

8 GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY 1. Description 2. Explanation 3. Prediction 4. Control

9 A BRIEF HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY Greeks: 5 th -6 th centuries B.C. -Behavior is not dominated by the Gods, but by their own minds.

10 MODERN PSYCHOLOGY Structuralism. Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology lab in Germany in 1879. He developed a method of self-observation called introspection. He tried to map out the thought process.

11 Darwin’s influence on Psych Human/Animal Continuity Individual Differences Adaptability Importance of Environment Emphasis on Change

12 FUNCTIONALISM William James, the first American psychologist, felt that structuralism was too limited. He focused on survival. He studied how mental processes, emotions, and self-concept worked to influence behavior.

13 Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud asserted that behavior and mental processes reflect unconscious conflicts within each person. He developed a theory of personality and analyzed people’s dreams. Childhood experiences are the “root” of all problems. Interpretation of Dreams

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15 FREUD SAID DREAMS ARE: 1.Displacement -symbols

16 2. Thoughts in pictures.

17 3. Ego Alien

18 4. Hallucinatory

19 5. DRAMA

20 6. DIFFERENT MORAL STANDARDS

21 7. ASSOCIATION OF IDEAS

22 8. WISH FULFILLMENT

23 9. EMOTIONAL PROBLEM RESOLUTION

24 Common Dream Themes

25 Freud/McLaughlin Dream Interpretation 1. Identify key moment of dream. 2. Who is there with you? What action is taking place? Symbolism? 3. How is dream resolved? How do you feel? Interpretation: Similarity to real life.

26 Freud and defense mechanisms

27 DENIAL TRUE=FALSE

28 DISPLACEMENT

29 INTELLECTUALIZATION

30 PROJECTION

31 RATIONALIZATION Dude, I didn’t want to go to the prom tonight anyway!

32 REACTION FORMATION

33 REGRESSION

34 REPRESSION

35 SUBLIMATION

36 Compensation

37 Stop

38 CARL JUNG - Follower of Freud -Collective Unconscious -Archetypes Examples?

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40 Behaviorism Watson refuted introspection and focused on only observable behavior that could be measured. Behaviorists argue that all behavior is learned. John Watson believed that we are conditioned to respond a certain way to stimuli. The responses we get “shape” our behavior. -Little Albert

41 Behaviorist Ctd. Ivan Pavlov used conditioning of dogs to show that behavior is learned. The dogs were conditioned to salivate when a tone was sounded.

42 INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Sir Francis Galton Study of Genius Nature v. Nurture Early Personality and Intelligence Tests- Extremes of retardation and giftedness Eugenics

43 Humanism This perspective emphasizes the unique qualities of humans. Free will, self-concept, and self-fulfillment are emphasized. People are naturally positive and growth seeking.-Anti-Freudian Ex. - desire for love, self-esteem, acceptance, etc.

44 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

45 Biological Perspective Our behavior is a result of our physiological processes and biological development. Study psychological effects of genes, hormones, activity of the nervous system and the brain.

46 Modern Technology

47 The Cognitive Perspective Cognitive theorists focus on the processes of thinking, remembering, decision-making. How people take in, retrieve, store, and process information.

48 Cognitive example Shoe Sandwich Fruit Blouse Pants Potato Soup Skirt

49 Cognitive Example Count backward from 100 by threes. Write down the list of words from before. ShoeSandwich BlouseFruit PantsPotato SkirtSoup Did you categorized them? This is a basic finding of cognitive psychologists.

50 MODERN PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES-eclectic Biological Behavioral Cognitive Humanistic Psychodynamic Sociocultural Evolutionary/Sociobiolical Trait

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