1. Social Control

2. Public Shaming
Until the early 1800’s, “Pillories” restrained criminals to humiliate them.
Today it’s websites.
Does the idea of bad behavior on display make you nervous?

3. Internalization
Internalization is the process by which a norm becomes part of a person’s personality.
You don’t do these because you fear being punished, you internalize these norms as part of who you are.

4. Examples of Internalization
Sitting in a chair at the movies, not the floor.
Stopping at red lights.

5. Sanctions
Sanctions are rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms.

6. Positive Sanctions: an action that rewards a behavior
Praising children for good behavior
Teachers reacting favorable to well done assignments
Pay raises from employers for hard work
Cheers from teammates and the crowd
Rewards of ribbons, ceremonies and badges encourage conformity to society’s norms

7. Negative Sanctions are a punishment or threat of punishment to enforce conformity.
The threat of a parking ticket or towing of your car may persuade you from parking in a “no parking” zone
If the threat isn’t enough, the carrying out of the action will remind you to conform.

8. Negative Sanction Examples:
Frowns, ridicule, imprisonment, and even death (in some countries)

9. Positive or negative sanctions don’t work if people are not sure that rewards or punishment will follow. If you are never rewarded or punished, sanctions become meaningless.

10. Formal Sanctions: A reward or punishment given by a formal organization or agency (like a school, business, or government)
Formal sanctions can be positive or negative:
Examples include: low grades, suspension from school, losing a job, graduation certificates pay raises, promotions, and medals

11. Informal Sanctions are spontaneous expressions of approval or disapproval given by an individual or group.
Examples include: standing ovations, compliments, pat on the back, frowns, gossip, insults, ostracism (exclusion from a group)

12. Social Control
Enforcing norms though either internal or external means is Social Control.
People must follow certain rules for society to function smoothly, or the social order will be jeopardized, and society’s stability is lost. No society can survive for long without social control

13. Social Control
Internal: self-control learned through the internalization of norms.
External: authority figures, police, courts, religion, family, peers, and the public.

14. The Death Penalty
Capital Punishment is when someone is sentenced to death for their crime.
Let’s read pg. 161 in your book together.
You will be put into two groups to debate whether or not capital punishment should be defended and used for social control, or if it is immoral and unjust. Write down your arguments to be presented to the class.
Write down in a paragraph, at least 5 sentences, whether or not you agree with capital punishment. Do you think that it deters crime?

15. Write down in a paragraph, at least 5 sentences, whether or not you agree with capital punishment. Why or why not? Do you believe capital punishment deters crime?