1. El presente de subjuntivo The present subjunctive

2. In a subordinate noun clause Use the subjunctive in a subordinate noun clause if the subject in the subordinate clause is different from the subject in the main clause if the verb in the main clause expresses: Hope, wish or recommendation Doubt or denial Emotion judgement

3. Hope, wish, or recommendation Patricia espera que Mario vaya al colegio. Patricia hopes that Mario goes to school. Main clause: Patricia espera Subordinate clause: que Mario vaya al colegio.

4. Doubt or denial Los padres niegan que sus hijos sean malcriados. The parents deny that their children are ill- mannered. Main clause: The parents deny Subordinate clause: that their children are ill- mannered

5. Emotion Me alegro de que haya menos violencia en su barrio. I’m glad that there is less violence in your neighborhood Main clause: I’m glad Subordinate clause: that there is less violence in your neighborhood.

6. Judgment Es sorprendente que los políticos no puedan solucionar el problema del desempleo. It is surprising that the politicians cannot solve the unemployment problem. Main clause: Es sorprendente Subordinate clause: que los políticos no puedan solucionar el problema del desempleo.

7. Common expressions Hope, wish, recommendation Doubt, denialemotionjudgement Aconsejar queDudar queAlegrarse de queEs raro que Esperar queSer (im) posible queSentir que…sorprendente Querer queNo creer queTemer que…incomprensible Desear queNo ser cierto queEnojarse de que…interesante Ojalá queNo ser verdad que…inaceptable Pedir queNo estar seguro de que …una lástima Sugerir que

8. Subordinate clause as adjective Use the subjunctive in the subordinate clause if it describes: Something or someone unknown or that does not yet exist Something or someone whose existence is denied or questioned

9. Something or someone that doesn’t yet exist María busca un novio que sea muy bien educado. Maria is looking for a boyfriend who is very well-mannered. Vs Maria tiene un novio que es muy bien educado. Maria has a boyfriend who is very well- mannered.

10. Something or someone whose existence is denied or questioned No conozco a ninguna pareja que no tenga problemas de vez en cuando. I don’t know any couple who doesn’t have problems now and then. Vs Conozco a muchas parejas que tienen problemas de vez en cuando. I know many couples who have problems now and then.