1. Expressing Feelings Use of the Subjunctive: Emotion39
MAIN SUBORDINATE (INDEPENDENT) (DEPENDENT)
CLAUSE CLAUSE
first subject + indicative que second subject + subjunctive (expression of emotion)
Esperamos que Ud. pueda asistir.
We hope (that) you’ll be able to come.
Tengo miedo de que mi abuelo esté muy enfermo.
I’m afraid (that) my grandfather is very ill.
Es una lástima que no den aumentos este año.
It’s a shame they’re not giving raises this year.

2. Expressing Uncertainty Use of the Subjunctive: Doubt and Denial40
MAIN SUBORDINATE (INDEPENDENT) (DEPENDENT)
CLAUSE CLAUSE
first subject + indicative que second subject + subjunctive
(expression of doubt or denial)
No creo que sean estudiantes.
I don’t believe they’re students.
Es imposible que ella esté con él.
It’s impossible for her to be with him.

3. Expressing Influence, Emotion, Doubt, and Denial Use of the Subjunctive: A Summary41
MAIN SUBORDINATE (INDEPENDENT) (DEPENDENT)
CLAUSE CLAUSE
first subject + indicative que second subject + subjunctive influence expression of emotion doubt, denial