1. Amendments 11-27

2. 11TH AMENDMENT Ratified February 7, 1795
No state may be sued in Federal Court by another country, another state, citizens of other states or its own citizens

3. 12TH AMENDMENT Ratified June 15, 1805
The electoral college casts one vote for the President and one vote for the VP
Prior to this passing, the person with the most votes became president and the second most votes became VP
Now each candidate needs 270 electoral votes to win (538 total electors= # in Congress + 3 for Washington D.C)

4. 13TH AMENDMENT Ratified December 6, 1865
Forbids slavery or involuntary servitude (except in the case of criminal punishment)
***may also be required to perform jury duty***

5. 14TH AMENDMENT Ratified July 9,1868
All people born in the US or naturalized (go through the legal process) are US citizens
**overturned Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) which stated that slaves were property and not citizens

6. 14TH AMENDMENT continued
Due Process Clause - prohibits taking life, liberty or property without due process
Equal Protection Clause - equal protection to all citizens regardless of gender, race etc.
***this later became the grounds for Brown v. Board (1954)***

7. 15TH AMENDMENT Ratified February 3, 1870
The right to vote shall not be denied by the US or states to any person based on race, color, or previous slave status

8. 15TH AMENDMENT continued
In reality, blacks, minorities and women still did not truly have pure equality
3 ways that kept blacks from voting:
Poll tax- $$ to vote
Literacy Tests- required to read to vote
Grandfather Clause - if your grandfather voted, you can vote

9. 16TH AMENDMENT Ratified February 3, 1913
Gives the federal government the power to collect an income tax

10. 17TH AMENDMENT Ratified April 8, 1913
Allowed for the direct election of Senators by the citizens
Previously, Senators were selected by state legislatures

11. 18TH AMENDMENT Ratified January 16, 1919
Outlawed the making, selling, transporting and importing/exporting of alcohol in the US
Volsted Act- gave police and authorities the ability to enforce prohibition

12. 19TH AMENDMENT
Gave women the right to vote
Ratified August 18, 1920

13. 20TH AMENDMENT
The terms of the President and VP will end at noon on January 20
Congress will meet on January 3
Called the “Lame Duck Amendment”- due to the period of time after the election to when the presidency began

14. 21ST AMENDMENT Ratified December 5, 1933
Repealed the 18th amendment and reinstated legalized drinking

15. 22ND AMENDMENT Ratified February 27, 1951
The president may not serve more than 2 elected terms
***FDR was elected to four terms in office and died in 1945 during the fourth term***

16. 23RD AMENDMENT
Ratified 29, 1961
Gave the District of Columbia (Washington DC) electoral votes in the Presidential and VP elections
They are to have no more than the least populous state (Wyoming) = 3 electors
**DC does not have Senators or Representatives**

17. 24TH AMENDMENT Ratified January 23, 1964
Outlawed the use of Poll Taxes as requirements to vote

18. 25TH AMENDMENT Ratified February 10,1967 Presidential Succession
NUMBER
OFFICE
CURRENT OFFICER 1
VICE PRESIDENT
Mike Pence 2
SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE
Paul Ryan 3
PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE
Orrin Hatch 4
SEC. OF STATE
Mike Pompeo 5
SEC. OF TREASURY
Steven Mnuchin 6
SEC. OF DEFENSE
James Mattis 7
ATTORNEY GENERAL
Jeff Sessions 8
SEC. OF INTERIOR
Ryan Zinke 9
SEC. OF AGRICULTURE
Sonny Perdue 10
SEC. OF COMMERCE
Wilbur Ross 11
SEC. OF LABOR
Alexander Acosta 12
SEC. OF HEALTH
Alex Azar 13
SEC. OF HOUSING
Ben Carson 14
SEC. OF TRANSPORTATION
Elaine Chao 15
SEC. OF ENERGY
Rick Perry 16
SEC. OF EDUCATION
Betsy DeVos 17
SEC. OF VETERANS AFFAIRS
Robert Wilkie 18
SEC. OF HOMELAND SECURITY
Kristjen Nielsen
Ratified February 10,1967
Presidential Succession

19. 26TH AMENDMENT Ratified July 1, 1971
Gave 18 year olds the right to vote

20. 27TH AMENDMENT Ratified May 7, 1992
Prohibits pay raises for Congress from going into effect until after the next Congressional election