1. Interior Design I Objective 2.02
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
Interior Design I
Objective 2.02
Note: This PPT does not contain images, please insert your own or download the Principles of Design PPT from the FI51 Teacher Shared Resources Folder on Moodle.

2. PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
The principles of design are guidelines for working with the elements of design. When you understand the principles of design you can successfully use the elements of design.

3. SCALE PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN EMPHASIS RHYTHM PROPORTION
BALANCE
EMPHASIS
RHYTHM
SCALE
PROPORTION
Harmony: UNITY/VARIeTY

4. BALANCE Balance is equilibrium among parts of a design.
When there is balance there is equal VISUAL weight on both sides.
Balance can be formal or informal

5. TYPES OF BALANCE SYMMETRICAL OR FORMAL BALANCE
Achieved by placing identical objects on either side of a central point.
This type of balance is often used in elegant and formal rooms. It is appropriate for traditional decorating styles.
Can be used for exterior design.
People feel comfortable because of its orderliness.
ASYMMETRICAL OR INFORMAL BALANCE
Achieved by placing different objects of equal visual weight on either side of a central point.
Feels more creative and less traditional.

6. Name that form of balance…

7. Name that form of balance…

8. EMPHASIS Emphasis creates a focal point.
The eyes are immediately drawn to that point when you enter a room.
Gives a feeling of stability and unity to the room.
Make sure the focal point is worthy.
Focal point should dominate the room but not overpower it.
No feature should compete with the focal point.

9. What is the focal point and is it worthy?

10. RHYTHM Smoothly leads the eyes from one area to another in a design.
Rhythm results when an element of a design forms an organized pattern.
Rhythm can be achieved through:
REPETITION
GRADATION
RADIATION
OPPOSITION
TRANSITION

11. Rhythm: REPETITION
When an element of design is repeated. (line, form, color, texture etc.)
Repetition is one of the easiest ways to achieve rhythm.

12. Rhythm: GRADATION
Gradation is created by a gradual increase or decrease of similar elements.
The eyes travel through the gradual changes.
Examples are color values changing, lines increasing in thickness, textures changing from rough to smooth…etc

13. Rhythm: RADIATION
In rhythm by radiation, lines flow outward from a central point like a sunburst.

14. Find the examples of radiation

15. Rhythm: TRANSITION
Rhythm by transition is created when curved lines carry the eyes from one part of an object or room to another.
An arched window will lead the eye from one side to the other. A drapery swag will draw your attention from one part of the drapery to another.

16. Rhythm: OPPOSITION
Deliberate placing of forms or colors to create opposition by abrupt change instead of gradual.
Exciting
Old and new
Ornate with plain
Vertical lines meeting horizontal lines

17. SCALE
Scale is the relative size of an object in relation to other objects.
When furniture is scaled to the space they occupy, it is visually pleasing. For example, large rooms require large-scale furnishings.
The furnishings should be in scale with one another and also in scale with the people using them.
You must consider visual weight when choosing objects. ( A wooden chair and an upholstered chair may have the same dimensions but the upholstered chair will look larger and heavier)

18. Scale

19. SCALE These are the same size but different visual weights

20. Proportion
Proportion is the relationship between a whole object and one its parts.
An example would be a lamp to the lamp shade.

21. Proportion cont.
Proportion can also be described as a ratio, one part to another part or one part to the whole. The GOLDEN MEAN states that ratios that are unequal, such as 2:3, 3:5, and 5:8 are more pleasing than ratios that are equal like 1:1 or 1:2.

22. Harmony
When the elements and the principles are used together and create a pleasing design. Things go together without a boring or chaotic look or feeling. Achieved by utilizing UNITY & VARIETY.

23. UNITY/VARIETY
Unity is having all parts of a design related by one idea. Ex. A restaurant where all wooden chairs are painted blue
Variety is when a change is made in the unity making it more interesting. Ex. Different types of wooden chairs all painted blue
To achieve Harmony, have some elements of design that are UNIFIED and then pick one or two elements to VARY within the space.