1. A SPEAKER’S GUIDEBOOK 4TH EDITION CHAPTER 11
Organization for Public Speaking

2. Question
What’s the last item you lost or couldn’t find when you needed it?
A. Keys
B. Wallet or purse
C. Homework
D. Cell phone
E. Other

3. Importance of Organization
Disorganization causes stress.
A well-organized speech reduces anxiety.
Audiences understand organized speeches better.
Organized speakers are perceived as more competent or trustworthy.

4. Principles of Organization
Speeches must exhibit unity of thought where every statement meets the purpose and thesis and ties back to every other statement.
Coherence refers to the clarity of thought and logical consistency in the organization patterns of coordination and subordination.
The principle of balance suggests that appropriate weight or emphasis be given to each part of the speech in relationship to the other parts.

5. Coordination & Subordination
Note: In APA format, the subordinate to sub-sub- subpoint b. would be identified by a lowercase roman numeral “i” and its coordinate with “ii”.

6. Three Basic Speech Sections
Introduction
Body
Conclusion

7. Question
In which section of your speech does your main points and supporting material go?
A. Introduction
B. Body
C. Conclusion

8. The Body Section
Identify your main ideas by dividing your topic into points that can be discussed or explained further with support evidence from research.
Main points express your important ideas or persuasive claims.
Your main points should answer your specific purpose and contain elements from your thesis statement.

9. Limiting Main Points
A typical classroom speech contains 2-5 main points due to time constraints.
Too many main points can overwhelm your audience.
Main points should be equal in importance and contain parallel form in their grammatical sentence structure.

10. Writing Your Main Points
Write in complete, declarative sentences.
Follow Subject – Verb – Objective Phrase sentence structure.
ACTIVITY: Quickly jot down three possible main points for your speech topic. Rewrite them as complete sentences and place in order of importance – least to most.

11. Outline Enumeration & Indentions
I. Main point
A. Subordinate to main point I
B. Coordinate with subpoint A
1. Subordinate to subpoint B
2. Coordinate with sub-subpoint 1
a. Subordinate to sub-subpoint 2
b. Coordinate with sub-subpoint 2
i. Subordinate to sub-sub-subpoint b
ii. Coordinate with sub-sub-subpoint i
II. Main point: Coordinate with main point I

12. Transitions and Signposts
Just as this airport directory shows the passenger where to go, transitions are words, phrases, or sentences that move the audience to the next point or section.
Signposts are contained within main points to indicate sub-points or order.
Full-sentence transitions are most effective between the main sections and are set off by parentheses.

13. Chapter 11 Key Terms for Review
arrangement
outlining
introduction
body
conclusion
main points
parallel form
supporting points
indentation
roman numeral outline
unity
coherence
coordination and subordination
balance
transitions
full-sentence transitions
signposts
restate-forecast form
rhetorical questions
preview statement
internal preview
internal summary