1. UNIT 3- Transition to the Modern World
UNIT ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
How did medieval society differ from Roman society?
How was the Renaissance period so different from medieval times?
What impact did trade have on medieval life?
What intellectual, political, and social factors changed the worldview of European leaders?
LEQ -- LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION How did power develop under the Feudal System?

2. Middle Ages Today
Christianity is still the dominate religion in Europe. European immigrants and their descendants have made Christianity the dominate religion in North and South America
Today’s form of representative government include mutual rights and responsibilities as feudalism did.
Chivalry has shaped modern ideas of romance in Western cultures, as shown in love songs, novels, TV shows, and plays.
Although women today have more power than they did in the Middle Ages, wealthy and poor women still lead very different lives.
Religious leaders still speak out on political issues such as war and poverty
Today’s epic films celebrate the lives of heroes, as did medieval literature.

3. Characteristics of the Middle Ages
European Middle Ages
From the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th Century until the Early Modern Period in the 16th Century
Characteristics of the Middle Ages
The classical heritage of Rome
Beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church
Customs of various Germanic tribes

5. Invasions of Western Europe
Germanic tribes invaded the Western Roman Empire. This caused:
Disruption of trade 4. Loss of a common language
Downfall of cities 5. Decline of learning
Population shifts

6. Germanic Kingdoms Emerge
Family ties and personal loyalty held Germanic tribes together.
Germanic people lived in small communities with no written laws
The church will provide order and security.
Germanic Warriors

7. The Franks in Gaul
A Germanic people known as the Franks came to power in Gaul.
Gaul was much of present day France and Switzerland.
The leader Clovis brought Christianity to the land.
Clovis united the Franks

8. Germans adopt Christianity

9. Christendom Papacy- the Pope’s office.
Pope Gregory I broadened the Pope’s office beyond the spiritual role.
Secular- concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters.
The Pope’s office became the center of government.

10. An Empire Evolves Clovis dies in 511.
By 700, the person in the position of Mayor of the Palace had all of the power.
The Mayor of the Palace led armies and made policy.

11. Charles Martel 719 – Charles Martel is Mayor of the Palace.
He extended the Frank’s Empire.
Defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours in 732.
Charles Martel at the Battle of Tours

12. Carolingian Dynasty
Charles Martel’s son, Pepin the Short came to power.
Called “king by the grace of God” by the Pope.
Carolingian Dynasty is created and lasts 236 years.

13. Charles the Great a.k.a. Charlemagne
Charlemagne built an empire greater than any since Rome.
He reunited western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire.
He was crowned emperor.

14. The Rule of Charlemagne
Governed through royal agents
Encouraged learning
Following his death, Louis the Pious ruled ineffectively.
Louis’ sons fought over and divided the empire.

15. Invaders Attack Western Europe
Vikings- Fierce warriors but also farmers, traders, and explorers
Vikings accepted Christianity and started farming instead of raiding

16. Magyars- Nomads from Hungary
Invaded western Europe in 800’s
Muslims- Invaded from North Africa 600’s- 900’s
People started looking to local rulers for security instead of central rulers

17. Feudalism King (owned all land). Granted large lots of land to nobles
Lord (large landowner/ vassal) gave a fief (small piece of land) for protection
Knights (mounted horsemen) protected their lord in exchange for this land
Serfs- bound to the land. Not slaves, but could not move. Largest group.

19. Manors (the economic side of Feudalism)
Manor is lord’s estate. System of rights and obligations between lords and serfs
Lords provide serfs with housing, farmland, and protection
Peasants tended the lands, farmed, and cared for estate

21. Manor Life Self contained and self sufficient Manor house Church
Workshops
Very harsh life
Daily hard work
Paid taxes for services (baking bread, marriage)
Tithes
No other options for employment