1. Organization and technology interventions
to improve safe and eco driving
P. D. Davis & I. S. Poonaji

2. Technology and environmental considerations can drive change fleet safety
Energy
Green products
Government
Reducing cost
Lifestyle
Inder Poonaji

3. Holistic Approach Planning Promotion Processes People
Zero waste attitude

4. Driving
Poor Driving Behaviour has an environmental & economical impact
Interventions can have a significant impact
Use of innovative solutions - Telematics

5. Poland Telematic Project Aims
examine whether new technological advances in Telematics are actually able to influence driver behaviour for improving driving safety and environment KPI’s.

6. Reasons for actions ‘Fuel efficient driving is save driving’.
Estimated: Monitoring & training saves 5% on fuel costs.
Running cost: 40 Tonnes GCW Artic Tractor covering 160,000KM a year. Assume 200,000 KM per Year.
Fuel Cost = £0.95 per Litre
3% Saving = £2,200
5% Saving = £3,700
7% Saving = £5,200
10% Saving = £7,400
Monitoring & Training drivers can save minimum 5% on fuel costs.
A driver training program cuts accidents by 20%.
An idling engine consumes 2 litres of fuel per hour.
Driving an electronic engine requires training.
Source: Transport Engineer. January 2002 analysis of truck operating costs.

7. Methodology System Overview Example Reports
RSMS
RTL Server
ECM
Vehicle Systems
In vehicle hardware
Web Browser
Internet connection
Realtime
GPRS
System Overview
Example Reports
Data feedback to Manager & Driver
Check
Action
Plan DO
Installation of C3000 in the Pilot Trucks.
Monitoring via Web:
Tracking & Tracing
Driver Efficiency
Driver Safety
Live track of vehicles
Reports
Efficiency report by driver
Efficiency report by vehicle
Safety report by driver
Safety report by vehicle
Utilisation (Terminal)
Utilisation (Vehicle)
Maintenance
Trip Report
Stops Report
Fuel Efficiency
Co2

8. Scope IN The proposed trial: Poland Target: Delivery Vehicles
Total number:9
Trial duration: 12 months.
1: collecting base line data
2: training drivers
3: monitoring
4. lesson learnt
5. next steps
Out
Non-delivery Vehicles

9. Business Case Simple, Scaleable & Flexible. ROI < 18 months
Using fuel more efficiently means:
Lower costs, improved environmental performance and emissions
Reduced: incidents, cost (insurance premium), damage, unproductive downtime for vehicle repair
Outputs.
Daily SAFED Reports
Reinforcement of procedures, policy, regulations and best practice.
Simple to undertake.
ROI < 18 months
Reduced:
incidents
cost (insurance premium)
damage to vehicles
unproductive downtime for vehicle repair
Using fuel more efficiently means:
Lower costs
improved environmental performance
emissions
Outputs.
Safety Profile of the Drivers
Efficiency Profile of the Drivers
Track and Trace
Hands Free Phone
Digital Tacho Driver Cards Download
Cost effective compared to ‘on the road training’.
Reinforcement of driving procedures, policy, regulations and best practice.
Scaleable & Flexible
IF improvements achieved:
Reduction in collateral for Fleet, insurance and the public. Positive contribution to the environment.

10. Trial period KPI’s Improve fuel consumption up to 5%
Determine KPI’s that are significant.

11. Inter-Dependencies Local Agreement Reliability of equipment
Communication by Local Market Team Lead
Driving Policy
Training of Drivers
Depot Managers and Drivers commitment
Web-site links and On-site terminals
Involvement of Group Risk
European Team

12. Changing behaviour 3 step process
Turning an unconscious, risky habit into a conscious, self-directed, risky behaviour.
Changing a conscious, self-directed, risky behaviour into a conscious, safe, self-directed behaviour.
Changing a conscious, safe, self-directed behaviour into an unconscious safe habit

13. Poland Project Team Result to date Lech Wardziak Piotr Starosta
Jerzy Wróblewski

14. Drivers trained
“I had no awareness of certain factors affecting the economy and driving safety.”
“I think about offensive behaviours and more economical mode of driving.”
Some drivers are concerned about the possibilities of the system.
Daily drivers report.

15. Efficiency and Safety Reports
Fuel Economy
Drive fuel economy
Idle Time
Sweet Spot distance
Top Gear
Safety
Harsh Braking
Service Brake
Engine Brake
Over Revving
Speeding
Out of gear coasting
Operations
Journey Management
Stop reports
Interface wit system.
Reports are generated via a simple-to-use web interface

16. FUEL ECONOMY L/100KM - fuel consumption per vehicle or driver
May ’08 VALUE
19,7l - 24,8l per 100 KM (average 21,8l)
AUG ’08 VALUE
17,8l - 19,35l per 100 KM (average 18,8l)
TARGET VALUE*
20l /100km – city routes
18l /100km – mixed routes (city + country roads)
(*based on Iveco Eurocargo ML100 E17/18 trucks)
- 14%
The indicator shows the average usage (fuel consumption) achieved during a given period of time. The engine fuel economy less idling and PTO fuel Measured in kilometres / litre or miles / gallon Fuel Economy indicator is depending on the type of vehicle and drivers behaviours.

17. IDLE TIME (%) – Stop with running engine
May ’08 VALUE
5.4%
AUG ’08 VALUE
2.1%
TARGET VALUE
<1.5%
- 61%
This indicator shows the percentage of time when the vehicle is stopped (over 4 minutes) with the engine running. This leads to fuel wastage.

18. SWEET SPOT DISTANCE (%) – optimum band of RPM (green band)
May ’08 VALUE
31,6%-45% (average 39,1%)
AUG ’08 VALUE
86%-91% (average 87,9%)
TARGET VALUE
over 90%
+125%
Sweet Spot Optimum revolution band - is between 1100 – If the driver hits this during each driving motion fuel efficiency will rise.

19. OVER REV (%) – Driving a vehicle when exceeded the recommended RPM
May ’08 VALUE
average 13,3%
AUG ’08 VALUE
average 1,3%
TARGET VALUE
<1%
-12%
Over Rev is essentially where the vehicle is revved outside of the Optimum Band. This puts more strain on the engine, thus consuming more fuel

20. +17,9% May ’08 VALUE 4%-32% (average 22%) AUG ’08 VALUE
TOP GEAR (%)
May ’08 VALUE
4%-32% (average 22%)
AUG ’08 VALUE
29%-60% (average 39,9%)
TARGET VALUE
over 60%
+17,9%
The indicator shows the percentage of distance travelled on the vehicle’ top gear. By using the top gear as much as possible means that the engine is utilizing the lowest possible rev band and is at its most efficient.

21. Emissions: C02 13% August ’08 VALUE 573.74 g/km Sept ’08 VALUE
TARGET VALUE
<400 g/km
13%
The CO2 report follows the same principal as the Efficiency Report. Conversion of the Fuel Economy figure to show exactly how much Carbon the vehicle is omitting.

22. HARSH BREAKING (COUNT)
May ’08 VALUE
1-9 per week average = 5
AUG ’08 VALUE
3-4 per month average = 3.5
TARGET VALUE
1 per month
- 30%
Harsh Breaking – The indicator on the report acts as a counter. This is where the driver has had to break so hard that the Seat Belt locks.

23. - 0.5% May ’08 VALUE 14-18% (average 15,2%) AUG ’08 VALUE
SERVICE BREAK (%)
May ’08 VALUE
14-18% (average 15,2%)
AUG ’08 VALUE
12,7-18% (average 14,7%)
TARGET VALUE
<15%
- 0.5%
Service Break is the foot break. This should be positive ratio between this and the Engine Break

24. + 3.4% May ’08 VALUE average 0.15% AUG ’08 VALUE average 3.54%
ENGINE BRAKE (%)
May ’08 VALUE
average 0.15%
AUG ’08 VALUE
average 3.54%
TARGET VALUE
>5%
+ 3.4%
Engine brake is a device that can convert a diesel engine into an air compressor, a power absorbing device. These devices are used in trucking applications to provide a means for retarding the vehicle, supplementing the normal vehicle braking system. The retarding operation is under full control of the vehicle operator and can be used simultaneously with the normal service brakes. Engine breaking is important as it uses less fuel, and is a more balanced and controlled way to bring the vehicle to a halt or lower speed.

25. Urban speed under development
OVER SPEEDING (%)
May ’08 VALUE
Urban speed under development
AUG ’08 VALUE
TARGET VALUE
ZERO over speeding
The indicator shows the percentage of distance travelled exceeding the maximum allowed speed. In tested trucks (with accordance to EU requirements) speed has been limited at level of 90km / h. It means driver can not drives faster than 90km/h The aim is to implement maps with a specific max speed marked on it, to increase control of a driver over speeding inside the urban areas.

26. OUT OF GEAR COASTING (%)
May ’08 VALUE
average 7,7 %
AUG ’08 VALUE
average 6,9%
TARGET VALUE
<3%
-0.8%
This stat should be close ZERO. This is where a vehicle is moving not in a gear and is unsafe.

27. Seatbelt usage May ’08 VALUE under development AUG ’08 VALUE
TARGET VALUE
100%
Distance in which the driver seatbelt is being utilised in comparison with the total driving distance. Safety indicator. Easy to manage / monitor report to ensure safe driving policy is taken on board Reduced risk of serious injury or death in an accident

28. Incident Alert May ’08 VALUE under development AUG ’08 VALUE
TARGET VALUE

29. Reversing data May ’08 VALUE under development AUG ’08 VALUE
TARGET VALUE

30. Poland Telematic – some key results
FUEL ECONOMY L/100KM
SWEET SPOT DISTANCE (%)
HARSH BREAKING
May 08; 21.8 l per 100 KM
Sept 08: 18.8l per 100 KM
May 08; Average 39,1%
Sept 08: Average 87,9%
May 08; Average 5
Sept 08: Average 2
- 14%
+ 125%
- 60% !

31. Conclusion Facts Reduction in fuel costs Reduction in emissions
Safer and more intelligent driving
Operational efficiency
Recognise need for sustained training
Behaviour Change
Assumptions
Lower vehicle servicing costs
Longer vehicle-life expectancy
Improved overall driving standards
Improved vehicle security
Reduction in risk of accidents / insurance claims