1. Leeds Low Emission Vehicle Exhibition and Conference Graham Belgum (FirstGroup) and Ian Downie (Volvo Bus UK) 7 th October 2010

2. Reducing Emissions (Standards) Table shows the standards compared to the previous ones (in g/km). You can see clearly which emissions were the focus for each new standard

3. Reducing Emissions (Actions) Purchased a large number of Euro 4 vehicles over the last 4 years. Currently purchasing Euro 5 and Euro 5 EEV vehicles. Scrapping pre-Euro, Euro 1 and Euro 2 vehicles. Replacing some Euro 3 engines with Euro 4 engines and are looking to do more. Using after treatment technologies to bring Euro 3 emissions up to Euro 4 standards. These actions are significantly reducing the amount of NOX and particulates we emit.

4. Reducing Emissions (Producing less CO2) Bio-Diesel Whole fleet runs on 7% bio-diesel. Have a 25% and 100% bio-diesel project. We have implemented a safe and efficient driving programme using: A managed service provided by GreenRoad Technologies Ltd The Smith System defensive driver training program. Improved vehicle maintenance: Ensure correct tyre pressures and wheel alignment Addressing any vehicle which has an excessive fuel usage compared to the average. Minimising the time vehicles spend idling: We are currently rolling out a capability to identify where, when and who is excessively idling their vehicles. This is backed up with a switch off when not required campaign.

5. Embracing new technology More Efficient Diesel Vehicles Reducing vehicle weight. Using electric fans, steering and doors. Hybrids: Currently trialling 5 x Wrightbus series hybrids in London. Have just trialled 1 x Volvo/Wrightbus parallel hybrid in Leeds and have placed an order for 6. Looking to purchase a further 30 with the help of the Green Bus fund. Will shortly be operating 12 Optare Versa and 8 Optare Solo series hybrids in Manchester. Retrofit Hybrids: Are working with suppliers to trial kinetic and electrical energy recovery systems by storing energy wasted during braking and releasing it during acceleration.

6. Embracing new technology – A61, Leeds Green Bus Fund: Bid to implement parallel hybrid vehicles on Scott Hall Guideway Three phase implementation – Volvo/Wrightbus B5TL : Single vehicle trial for 8 Weeks (Jul-Aug 10) Pilot 6 vehicles (Delivery early 2011) Additional 16 vehicles (Delivery early 2012) subject to successful early phases Corridor Package: Discussions ongoing with Leeds City Council and Metro to provide a complementary package of infrastructure, bus priority and marketing measures to maximise benefits from significant vehicle investment

7. Volvo Hybrid

8. Diesel electric parallel Turbine electric series Volvo Group hybrid development Many years’ experience 1985 19952005 Advanced engineering series production 2010 Diesel hydraulic Cumulo System

9. Roll, brake Roll, acc Drag, brake Drag, acc Rolling losses Aerodynamic losses Brake losses – converted to electric power to drive the vehicle Braking Waste not, want not: recycling in action….. To convert waste energy into useful power and therefore save fuel

10. Parallel Electric Hybrid Drive to the rear axle comes from the engine and electric motor in combination 0 – 100% from each power source Engine, Electric Motor and Generator can be downsized Volvo Integrated Starter Alternator Motor is a combined electric motor and generator

11. Volvo Bus: January 2010 11 Diesel engine Torque rpm Electric Motor and Diesel Engine Combined Torque diagramEnhanced performance The parallel hybrid combines the output of the diesel engine and the electric motor for enhanced performance at the optimum point of operation Key Diesel Engine Electric Motor Combined

12. Two Fuel Saving Opportunities in the Hybrid Hybrid Vehicle PropulsionAlternative drive of auxiliaries Electric Motors to drive: hydraulic pumps, air compressor and a/c drive Easier to control Only driven when needed Driven at optimal working points independent of engine speed Minimum idling losses Provides power & torque assistance Recover brake energy Zero emission / silent mode Non idling functionality (at bus stops for example) Engine downsizing

13. Why “Hybrid”? 2 Main Benefits Environment 30% reduction in Carbon Dioxide Up to 50% reduction in Air Quality Pollutants (NOx, PM) Noise Reduction (silent takeoff) Economy/Finance 30% Fuel Saving plus lower maintenance Payback for Higher Initial Price in 6-7 years