Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
2
Click the icon to play Listen to History audio.
Click the icon below to connect to the Interactive Maps.
3
The Power of Spain Main Idea Reading Focus
Spain experienced a golden age during the 1500s, but economic problems and military struggles decreased Spanish power by the 1600s. Reading Focus What challenges did King Charles I face when he became Emperor Charles V? What were some artistic achievements of Spain’s golden age? How did Spain rise and then decline under Philip II?
4
Absolute Monarchy King Charles I of Spain
Inexperienced, but a member of the powerful Hapsburg family, prepared to rule as absolute monarch Absolute monarch was a ruler whose power was not limited by having to consult with nobles, common people or their representatives Absolute monarchs believed they ruled by divine right of God and must not be challenged
5
Charles V and the Empire
When Charles became king of Spain, he inherited the Low Countries of Belgium and the Netherlands, along with colonies in the Americas. 1519, throne of Holy Roman Empire became vacant Position elective; Charles borrowed money to buy votes Became Holy Roman Emperor Charles V with holdings so vast ‘the sun never set” over it Emperor Charles V Faced enemies on all sides Ottoman Turks, French, rebellious German princes Also fought for religious control over Europe Wanted Europe to be Roman Catholic Growing Protestant movement threatened influence Enemies Everywhere
6
Confrontation Peace of Augsburg
1521, Charles confronted Protestant leader Martin Luther directly In spite of Charles’ efforts, Protestants gained influence Rebellions against Catholic rulers spread After years of warfare, Charles V had to sign Peace of Augsburg Peace of Augsburg Agreement gave each German prince right to decide if his state would be Catholic or Protestant Charles’ vision of a Catholic Europe never became reality Constant warfare also brought Charles to brink of bankruptcy
7
Charles V more successful in Americas than Europe
Success in Americas Charles V more successful in Americas than Europe During reign, Spanish explorers claimed much of Americas for Spain Silver and gold flowed from American colonies Brought Spain fabulous wealth
8
Dividing the Empire Frustrated by failures in Europe
1556, Charles V gave up thrones Decided to divide large empire Split between his brother and his son Relinquished Thrones Brother took over Hapsburg holdings in Austria Son, Philip II ruled Netherlands, Spain, Sicily, Spain’s colonies Charles V moved to monastery, dream of unified empire unfulfilled Imposing Their Will
9
Draw Conclusions In what ways was Charles V successful as an emperor? In what ways was he unsuccessful? Answer(s): Successful—exploration of the Americas, which brought fabulous wealth to Spain Unsuccessful—did not maintain religious control over Europe; constant wars brought financial problems
10
Artistic Achievements
From 1550 to 1650, Spanish golden age of artistic achievement Became known as the Golden Century One of most prominent painters, Greek Domenicos Theotocopoulos Became known as El Greco; style famous for elongated figures Much work religious, reflected Spain’s central role in Counter-Reformation Art Another Spanish painter, Diego Velázquez Created masterpieces portraying people of all social classes with great dignity Velázquez had privilege of being the court painter Court Painter
11
Art El Greco- The Resurrection Diego Valezquez— Pope Innocent X
12
Literature Writers Cervantes Colonial Writers Church Criticism
Spanish golden age also produced fine writers Greatest was Miguel de Cervantes Cervantes Most famous work, Don Quixote de la Mancha About man caught between medieval, modern worlds Colonial Writers Writers in Spain’s colonies produced works of merit Sister Juana Ines de la Cruz wrote poetry, prose, plays Church Criticism Church officials criticized Sister Juana for some of her ideas She believed women had right to education
13
What were some achievements of Spain’s Golden Century?
Summarize What were some achievements of Spain’s Golden Century? Answer(s): paintings by El Greco and Velásquez, writings by Miguel de Cervantes and Juana Ines de la Cruz
14
Catholicism in Territories Revolt in the Low Countries
Spain under Philip II Spain at peak of grandeur with reign of Philip II One reason—stream of gold and silver from colonies in Americas With wealth came power—but gold could not solve Spain’s problems King Philip II devout Catholic Saw himself as leader of Counter-Reformation Marriage to Queen Mary I of England chance to spread Catholicism Religion and Revolt Mary died before having heir to return England to Catholic faith Philip also wanted to secure position of Catholicism in European territories Catholicism in Territories Philip’s faith clashed with Calvinist Protestantism of northern Low Country provinces 1560s, bloody revolt began Revolt in the Low Countries
15
Dutch Revolt Dutch refused to declare allegiance to Philip
To punish the Dutch Philip sent army under command of Duke of Alba who set up a court to try rebels Known locally as Court of Blood Tortured, executed thousands suspected of being rebels Cruelties made situation worse; rebellion broke out anew Revolt dragged on for decades 1609, truce reached Seven northern provinces formed the independent nation of the Netherlands Southern provinces remained in Spanish hands
16
Spain and England English Aid to Dutch Attacks on Spanish Ships
Dutch revolt deepened another rivalry, between Spain, England As fellow Protestants, England sent aid to Dutch rebels England’s assistance to Dutch infuriated Philip Attacks on Spanish Ships Philip also worried about English attacks on his ships England’s Queen Elizabeth I allowed ship captains to attack Spanish treasure ships, steal gold, silver for England Invasion Planned King Philip II wanted to stop England from raiding ships, return England to Catholic Church Decided to invade England
17
Philip’s Armada Naval Battles Armada Not Invincible
Philip ordered navy to assemble great fleet, the Spanish Armada Totaled about 130 ships, 20,000 soldiers, sailors 1588, invincible fleet sailed into English channel Queen Elizabeth I rallied troops and prepared for attack Spanish packed ships with soldiers for land invasion Also planned to be joined by Spanish forces in Netherlands Faced fierce naval battles that severely damaged fleet Naval Battles English aimed eight fire ships at remaining ships of Armada Spanish ships fled in panic, disarray As damaged ships made way home, several were wrecked Armada Not Invincible
18
Spanish Armada
19
Colonies Join the Battle
An Empire in Decline The defeat of the Armada was not the end for Spain, which recovered from the loss but England remained Protestant, defiant, and undefeated. Spain’s real problems internal Philip II’s government centralized He trusted no one Government action practically came to standstill Internal Problems Philip spent wealth from Americas on constant warfare Borrowed money often; went bankrupt four times Prices driven up, inflation Spain did not develop industries Colonies Join the Battle Relying on traditional agricultural economy, Spain’s economy lagged behind that of other countries. Spain declined as a major power.
20
Recall What events that caused problems for Spain and the decline of the Empire? Answer(s): revolt in the Netherlands; defeat of the Spanish Armada, native revolts in the New World, poor economic planning
21
The Impact of Spain’s Golden Century
Click above to play the video.
Similar presentations
