1. The Reconstructed Nation
Restoring the Union

2. Key Question
What social, political, and economic changes occurred as the nation sought to rebuild after the Civil War?

3. 13th Amendment
Abolished slavery in US

4. Plans of reconstruction
Lincoln’s Plan
Oaths of loyalty
Pardons
Recognize state governments
New constitutions abolishing slavery
Andrew Johnson’s Plan
Follow Lincoln
Met with opposition
Radical Republicans
Johnson too soft

5. “high crimes and misdemeanors”

6. Why did Congress impeach President Johnson?
Violation of the Tenure of Office Act
“Public considerations of high character constrain me to say that your resignation as Secretary of War will be accepted." 

7. 14th Amendment
All native-born or naturalized people are citizens
Forbade laws that
“abridged privileges”
“deprived life, liberty, or property without due process”
“equal protection of the laws”
Limited rights of former Confederate officers & government officials

8. “equal protection under the law”

9. Radical Reconstruction
South ÷ 5 military districts
Grant African American males right to vote
Ratify 14th Amendment

10. Five Military Districts in South

11. State Governments
Scalawags
Carpetbaggers

12. Freedmen

13. President Ulysses S. Grant
1868 election
Union war hero
Scandal & corruption

14. William “Boss” Tweed
Tammany Hall

15. 15th Amendment
Voting for African American males

16. Solid South Strong Democratic base Increased power at national level
Republican party strong
in North & Midwest

17. Election of 1876 Democrats Samuel Tilden Won popular votes Republicans
Rutherford B. Hayes
Electoral votes contested

18. That’s right, Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes
Sound familiar?
Special commission to count votes
Republican majority
Who got the votes?
That’s right, Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes

19. Compromise of 1877 Withdraw federal troops from South
Name a southerner to cabinet
Support federal spending to rebuild South

20. What affect would this Compromise have on political power?
Weakened North
Restored power to many in South

21. White Control Black Codes Secret Societies Poll Taxes Literacy Tests
Grandfather Clauses
Jim Crow Laws

22. Black Codes These laws imposed severe restrictions on freed slaves
voting
sit on juries
testify against white men
carry weapons in public places
work in certain occupations.

23. Secret Societies

24. Poll Taxes
“Do you know I've never voted in my life, never been able to exercise my right as a citizen because of the poll tax?”
- Mr. Trout to interviewer from
Federal Writer’s Project,

25. 24th Amendment – 1964 elimination of poll taxes
“…reaffirmed the simple but unbreakable theme of this Republic. Nothing is so valuable as liberty, and nothing is so necessary to liberty as the freedom to vote without bans or barriers…There can be no one too poor to vote.”
- President Lyndon B. Johnson, 1964

26. Literacy Tests Proof of ability to read & write
Disenfranchisement – deprive of right and/or privilege
How could this be effective to disenfranchise former slaves?

27. Voting Rights Act of 1965
Eliminated literacy tests

28. Grandfather Clauses
Son or grandson of man eligible to vote in 1866 or 1867 without paying poll tax or passing literacy test
Who did this exclude?
How?
Declared unconstitutional in 1915 – Why?

29. Jim Crow

30. Supreme Court Civil Rights Cases Plessy v. Ferguson
13th Amendment abolished slavery but did not prohibit discrimination
14th Amendment prohibited discrimination by government but not individuals
Plessy v. Ferguson
Segregation is legal – “equal but separate”

31. Plessy overturned
Brown v. Board

32. African American Booker T. Washington Put political ambition aside
Economic security through vocational skills
W.E.B. Du Bois
Demand social & political equality
Advanced liberal arts education