1. Riset dan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat: Logical Framework Approach

2. Isi Riset untuk masyarakat tidak layak publikasi internasional
Menjamin Riset agar bermanfaat untuk masyarakat
Kerangka Berpikir
Tugas

3. Tetapi, ……. Teknologi Tepat Guna sulit untuk Publikasi Internasional
Reputasi Ilmiah Kurang
Pengakuan untuk kenaikan pangkat sangat kurang

6. Project Success How? Engagement Ownership clearly defined
Clear division of responsibilities
Realism!! (purpose)
Connection Activities – Objectives
Capacity to handle risks
Flexibility
Beneficiaries engaged in project planning
…..LFA is a useful tool to reach success!

7. RBM and Logical Framework Approach (LFA)
The LFA is an RBM tool used for systematic planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating projects/ programmes.

8. LFA Characteristics Finding the “roots” before setting the objectives
Objectives & beneficiary oriented
Participatory/Ownership!
Consensus oriented
Focus on logical links
Systematic common sense!!!

9. The Logical Framework Approach (i)
Features of LFA :
stakeholder involvement
needs-based approach
logical intervention approach
framework for assessing relevance, feasibility and sustainability

10. The Logical Framework Approach (ii)
Features of LFA :
results-oriented – not activity driven
logically sets objectives and their causal relationships
shows whether objectives have been achieved: Indicators (for M&E)
describes external factors that influence the project’s success: assumptions and risks

11. LFA Key Features Main steps: Stakeholder Analysis SWOT Analysis
Problem Tree Analysis
Objective Tree Analysis
Logical Framework Matrix
Monitoring and evaluation

12. Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholder is any individuals, group or organization, community, with an interest in the outcome of a programme/project.

13. Stakeholder Analysis Purpose: To identify:
The needs and interest of stakeholders
The organizations, groups that should be encouraged to participate in different stages of the project;
Potential risks that could put at risk programme;
Opportunities in implementing a programme;

14. SWOT Analysis (i) Purpose:
To assess the performance and capacity of the participating units, divisions of organization.
Each participating unit has to undertake SWOT analysis.

15. SWOT Analysis (ii)
SWOT analysis is a tool for institutional appraisal and a brainstorming exercise in which the representatives of the organization participate fully.

16. SWOT Analysis (iii) SWOT stands for:
Strengths - the positive internal attributes of the organisation
Weaknesses - the negative internal attributes of the organisation
Opportunities - external factors which could improve the organisation’s prospects
Threats - external factors which could undermine the organisation’s prospects

17. Problem Tree Analysis Purpose: Output:
- to identify major problems and their main causal relationships.
Output:
problem tree with cause and effects

18. Steps in Undertaking Problem Tree
Identify the major problems that the project will address. State problems in negative manner.
Group problems by similarity of concerns.
Develop the problem tree:
Select a focal problem from the list and relate other problems to the focal problem.
If the problem is a cause of the focal problem it is placed below the focal problem
If the problem is an effect of the focal problem is goes above

19. Problem Tree
EFFECT
CAUSE

20. Analysis of Objectives
Transforming the problem tree into an objectives tree by restating the problems as objectives.
Problem statement converted in to positive statements
Top of the tree is the end that is desired
Lower levels are the means to achieving the end.

21. Objectives Tree *
Ends
Means
* Project Cycle Management Guide, 2004

22. The relationship between the problems tree and the objective tree
PROBLEM TREE OBJECTIVE TREE
Focal problem Project Purpose
Effects Overall Objectives
Causes Results

23. Strategy Analysis (i)
The aim of strategy analysis is division of the objectives tree into more consistent smaller sub-units that may, compose the core for a project.
Each of the sub-units of the objective tree can represent an alternative strategy for the future project.
The project objectives set the framework for the strategy of the project.

24. Strategy Analysis (ii)
Criteria for selection of the project strategy:
1. RELEVANCE: the strategy corresponds to the needs of the stakeholders.
2. EFFECTIVENESS: the lower level objectives of the strategy will contribute to achievement of the project purpose
3. EFFICIENCY: cost-effectiveness of the strategy in transforming the means into results.
4. CONSISTENT with development policies
5. SUSTAINABILITY of the project
6. ASSUMPTIONS and RISKS

25. The Logframe Matrix The main output of the LFA is the logframe matrix.
The Logical Framework Matrix is used to present information about project objectives, outputs and activities in a systematic and logical way.
The basic Logframe matrix contains 16 cells organized into 4 columns and 4 rows, as indicated in the next slide:

26. What needs to be fulfilled before activities can start
The Logical Framework Matrix
Objectives & activities
Indicators
Means of verification
Assumptions
Goal
(Impact)
Purpose/ (Outcome)
Outputs
Activities
Means
Cost
What needs to be fulfilled before activities can start
Pre-conditions

27. Assumptions (i)
Describe necessary internal and external conditions in order to ensure that the activities will produce results
Assumptions are risks, which can jeopardize the success of the project
Are worded positively, i.e. they describe circumstances required to achieve certain objectives

28. Assumptions (ii) Should be relevant and probable
If an assumption is not important or almost certain: Do not include
If an assumption is unlikely to occur: Killer assumption – abandon project

29. Assumptions (iii) Example of Assumptions for the Goal and Purpose:
Political – stability of NSO and government staff
Economic – sustainable economy
Etc.

30. Assumptions (iv) Example of Assumptions: Adequate funds materials.
Skilled people – training needs.
Approvals & contracts – legal, administrative.
Participation of stakeholders.

31. The logical framework Impact Outcome Assumptions Outputs Assumptions
Activities

32. Indicators (i)
Indicators measure to verify to what extant the results are achieved.
Specify how the achievement of an objective can be verified or demonstrated
Provide a basis for Monitoring and Evaluation
3 Dimensions of Indicators
Quantity
Quality
Time

33. Indicators (ii)

34. Means of Verification Tools or means to obtain the information
required by the indicators
Include:
project documents
field verification
ad-hoc studies

35. Results Chain & Logical Framework Matrix
RBM
LFA
Result
Goal/Impact
Result
Purpose/
Outcome
Result
Output
Result
Activities

36. Monitoring and Evaluation
Based on the logical framework
Strengthens accountability and transparency
Provides information for effective management
Helps determine what works well and what requires improvement
Builds knowledge

37. Purpose of Monitoring and Evaluation
It is the continuous process of collecting, processing and assessing information about the:
Project implementation
Project progress
Project impact and effects
Project environment

38. Monitoring (i)
Continuous function that aims to provide early indications of progress or lack thereof in the achievement of results

39. Monitoring (ii) Assumes the validity of the existing plan
Takes place at project level
Is the responsibility of the project management
Is based on the indicators defined in the logical framework

40. Monitoring Responsibility
Project Management
Activities
Output indicators
Early outcome indicators
Project Target Group
Outcome indicators
Impact indicators

41. Evaluation
Time-bound exercise to assess the relevance, performance and success of on-going or completed projects
Questions the validity of existing planning
Is related to the impact of a project
Opens the mind for strategic adjustments

42. Evaluation Quality Criteria
Relevance (overall)
Efficiency (activities, outputs)
Effectiveness (outputs, outcome)
Impact (outcome, impact)
Sustainability (outcome, impact)

43. The nine steps of an LFA analysis
1 Analysis of project´s Context
2 Analysis of Stakeholders
3 Problem Analysis/Situation Analysis
4 Objectives Analysis
5 Plan of Activities
6 Plan of Resources/Inputs
7 Indicators/measurements
8 Risk Analysis
9 Analysis of Assumptions

44. Why different steps in LFA?
Relevance; Step 1 – Context, Stakeholder-, Problem- and Objectives analysis. Logical links between problems and solutions, Relevant to support? (in accordance with strategies and problems in the country/sector?)
Feasible; Step 5 – Plan of Activities, Resources/inputs and Indicators. Are the resources sufficient to achieve the objectives? (Resources: Personnel, time, funding, equipment)
Sustainable; Step 8 – Risk analysis and Assumptions. If the project is sustainable, will the effects of the project remain without continuos external assistance outside?

45. Internet information on LFA
framework approach

46. LFA summary
Relevant, Feasible and Sustainable projects/programs - success!
Participation & ownership!
Joint approach to project
Make problem analysis with accuracy /time to correctly analyze causes & effects
Connection problems and objectives
Add analysis such as cost effectiveness and gender, study on environmental aspects and make a clear division of responsibilities
LFA during all phases of the project

47. How the LFA method works depends on its users
LFA is no better and no worse than its users

48. Penilaian Tugas 5; Kelompok
LFA untuk pengembangan industri nilai tambah
Kriteria
# pertemuan kelompok (10%)
1-2 kali
3 kali
Lebih dari 3 kali
Notulen pertemuan (20%)
Pendapat peserta dicatat
Pendapat peserta dicatat dan disimpulkan
Pendapat dicatat, disimpulka, langkah selanjutnya
Penentuan Komoditi dan strategi (50%)
Logical sequence lemah
Logical sequence kuat
Logical sequence sangat kuat
Keterbacaan (20%)
Sulit dibaca
Mudah dibaca
Mudah dibaca dengan lay out menarik
1/13/2019
Kuliah I, Metodologi Penelitian Ilmu Pangan

49. Kuliah I, Metodologi Penelitian Ilmu Pangan
Penilaian Presentasi
Kriteria
Kualitas Slide (40%)
> 50 % berisi kalimat panjang
% berisi kalimat panjang
0 % berisi kalimat panjang
Artikulasi Penyampaian (40 %)
Tidak jelas dan sulit dicerna
Cukup jelas, masih ada yang sulit dicerna
Sangat jelas dan mudah dicerna
Jawaban terhadap pertanyaan (20 %)
Tidak terjawab dengan baik
Masih ada yang belum terjawab
Terjawab dengan jelas dan memuaskan
1/13/2019
Kuliah I, Metodologi Penelitian Ilmu Pangan

50. Butir yang harus dibahas
Komoditi yang disepakati
Kemukakan alasan
Penjabaran 9 langkah LFA untuk komoditi tersebut
Problem tree
Objective tree
Matriks Program
1/13/2019
Kuliah I, Metodologi Penelitian Ilmu Pangan