1. Lesson 5 – Logical Framework Approach (LFA)
EVPP
Amy E. Duray
1 February 2010

2. Introduction
Purpose: Introduce basic structure and key components of LFA used in international development settings
Resources:
UNSIAP Presentation, “Results-Based Management: Logical Framework Approach,” 28 – 30 September, 2005, accessed January 26, 2010 at: mes.ppt
World Bank (n.d.) The Logframe Handbook: A Logical Framework Approach to Project Cycle Management, Washington, DC, accessed January 31, 2010 at: oc/LFhandbook.pdf

3. Logical Framework Approach (LFA)
The LFA is a Results Based Management tool used for systematic planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating projects or programs.
In use, in some form, in many global development and environment organizations: USAID, DFID(UK), World Bank, UNDP, UNEP, GEF
Similar terminology: Results Framework
Created in 1969 by USAID.
Became widely used in the bilateral donor community in 70s and 80s.

4. The Logical Framework Approach
Features of LFA :
stakeholder involvement
needs-based approach
logical intervention approach
framework for assessing relevance, feasibility and sustainability
results-oriented – not activity driven
logically sets objectives and their causal relationships
shows whether objectives have been achieved: Indicators (for Monitoring & Evaluation)
describes external factors that influence the project’s success: assumptions and risks

5. LFA Main Steps Stakeholder Analysis SWOT Analysis
Problem Tree Analysis
Objective Tree Analysis
Logical Framework Matrix
Monitoring and evaluation

6. Stakeholder Analysis
Definition: Stakeholder is any individuals, group or organization, community, with an interest in the outcome of a project.
Purpose: To identify:
The needs and interest of stakeholders
The organizations, groups that should be encouraged to participate in different stages of the project;
Potential risks to the program
Opportunities in implementing a program

7. SWOT Analysis
Definition: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
Purpose:
To assess the performance and capacity of the participating units, divisions of organization.
Each participating unit has to undertake SWOT analysis, with the goal of self-appraisal and brainstorming

8. Problem Tree Analysis
Purpose: identify major problems and their main causal relationships.
Output: Problem tree with cause and effects
Process:
Identify the major problems that the project will address. State problems in negative manner.
Group problems by similarity of concerns.
Develop the problem tree:
Select a focal problem from the list and relate other problems to the focal problem.
If the problem is a cause of the focal problem it is placed below the focal problem
If the problem is an effect of the focal problem is goes above

9. Problem Tree Example
EFFECT
CAUSE

10. Objective Tree Analysis
Transforming the problem tree into an objectives tree by restating the problems as objectives.
Problem statement converted in to positive statements
Top of the tree is the end that is desired
Lower levels are the means to achieving the end.

11. Objectives Tree *
Ends
Means

12. The relationship between the problems tree and the objective tree
PROBLEM TREE OBJECTIVE TREE
Focal problem Project Purpose
Effects Overall Objectives
Causes Results

13. The Logframe Matrix The main output of the LFA is the logframe matrix.
The Logical Framework Matrix is used to present information about project objectives, outputs and activities in a systematic and logical way.
The basic Logframe matrix contains 16 cells organized into 4 columns and 4 rows, as indicated in the next slide:
September, Putrajaya, Malaysia

14. What needs to be fulfilled before activities can start
The Logical Framework Matrix
Objectives & activities
Indicators
Means of verification
Assumptions
Goal
(Impact)
Purpose/ (Outcome)
Outputs
Activities
What needs to be fulfilled before activities can start
Pre-conditions

15. Monitoring and Evaluation
Purpose: The continuous process of collecting, processing and assessing information about the:
Project implementation
Project progress
Project impact and effects
Definitions:
Monitoring: Are you achieving the results you are expecting?
Evaluation: Time specific assessments of the relevance, success and effectiveness of your plan.
Monitoring:
Assumes the validity of the existing plan
Takes place at project level
Is the responsibility of the project management
Is based on the indicators defined in the logical framework

16. Monitoring and Evaluation
Based on the logical framework
Strengthens accountability and transparency
Provides information for effective management
Helps determine what works well and what requires improvement
Builds knowledge

17. Advantages of the LFA Method
Systemic, logical analysis of interrelated elements
Linkages are clearly established
Common terminology and methodology among all parties
Continuity over time
Success can be replicated
Comparative studies

18. Disadvantages of the LFA Method
Risk of applying the framework too rigidly and losing creativity and innovation
Balancing results with taking the opportunity to improve processes
Cannot capture all things