1. English Civil War

2. The Tudor Dynasty
From 1485 to 1603, England was ruled by the Tudor Dynasty

3. The Tudor Dynasty
The Tudors had a good relationship with Parliament and frequently consulted Parliament, especially on matters dealing with money.

4. The Stuart Dynasty
Following the death of Elizabeth, the throne was passed to the Stuart who from Scotland

5. The Stuart Dynasty
Poor relationships between the Stuarts and Parliament led to a “century of revolution”

6. The Stuart Dynasty
James I was the first Stuart monarch and tried to rule as an absolute monarchy.
James clashed with both Parliament and Protestants.

7. The Stuart Dynasty
Eventually, James dissolved Parliament and collected taxes in order to pay for wars and his lavish court.

8. The Stuart Dynasty
Charles I inherited his father’s throne in 1625.
Charles I placed those who disagreed with him in jail without trial and continued to raise taxes.

9. The Stuart Dynasty
In 1628, the need to raise taxes caused Charles I to summon Parliament
Parliament insisted that the king sign the Petition of Right.

10. The Stuart Dynasty
The Petition of Right prohibited the king from raising taxes without the consent of Parliament and from imprisoning anyone without just cause.

11. The Stuart Dynasty
The next year, Charles I dissolved Parliament and ignored the Petition of Right.
During this time tension between Charles I and the Puritans grew.

12. The Stuart Dynasty
This led to a Scottish rebellion.
In 1640, Charles I summoned Parliament to raise funds to put down the rebellion.

13. The Stuart Dynasty
However, rather than help the king, Parliament revolted against him.
This led to the English Civil War.

14. The English Civil War
The English Civil War pinned the Cavaliers against the Roundheads.
The Cavaliers supported the King, while the Roundheads supported Parliament.

15. The British Civil War
The Roundheads won largely due to the skill of their leader Oliver Cromwell.

16. The British Civil War
Parliament sentenced Charles I to death
In January of 1649, Charles I was executed.

17. Oliver Cromwell
Following the execution of Charles I, Oliver Cromwell became leader of the newly formed Commonwealth.

18. Oliver Cromwell
Cromwell faced opposition from the supporters of Charles II

19. Oliver Cromwell
After these supporters attacked England, Cromwell reacted by leading his forces into Ireland to crush the rebellion.

20. Oliver Cromwell
Catholics were then treated harshly by Cromwell and Parliament.

21. Oliver Cromwell
In 1653, Cromwell began ruling through the army.
He then attempted to establish a society based on the religious ideals, similar to Calvin’s Geneva.

22. Oliver Cromwell
When Cromwell died 1658, the English were tired of military rule and strict Puritan ways.

23. The Return of the King
In 1660, Charles II returned to England and became a popular ruler.
His brother James II inherited his throne in 1685.

24. The Glorious Revolution
English Protestants feared that James I would restore the Roman Catholic Church and plotted to overthrow James II.

25. The Glorious Revolution
Leaders from Parliament invited Mary, the daughter of James II, and her Protestant husband William II of Orange to become rulers of England.

26. The Glorious Revolution
When William and Mary landed with their army in 1688, James II fled for France, leaving William as King.

27. The Glorious Revolution
This bloodless overthrow became known as the Glorious Revolution.
Prior to being crowned, William and Mary signed the English Bill of Rights in 1689 forming a limited monarchy.

28. The English Bill of Rights
Ensured the superiority of Parliament over the Monarchy
Barred any Roman Catholics from sitting on the throne.
Restated trial by jury.

29. The English Bill of Rights
Abolished excessive fines and cruel or unjustified punishment.
Levying money for or to the use of the crown without grant of Parliament is illegal.