1. Ecology Review

2. 2. The _____ of an organism is its total role in the community.
A _____ is all the members of the same species that inhabit a particular area.
2. The _____ of an organism is its total role in the community.
3. An _______ possesses both biotic and abiotic components.
population
niche
ecosystem

3. 1. The _____is the primary source of all Energy on the Earth.
2. Organisms that make their own food are called _____.
3. Organisms that hunt and kill their food are called _______.
4. Organisms that break down dead organisms and return some of the nutrients back to the soil are called ____.
sunlight
producers
predators
decomposers

4. 1. Competition is most intense between closely related species that (1) are similar in appearance                 
(2) use the same resources
(3) have different beak size                   
(4) use different resources
2. Omnivores eat
(1) only producers    
(3) producers and consumers  
(2) only consumers 
(4) only other omnivores 2 3

5. 2 4 1. Which group represents a population?
1. all the vertebrates living in NY State. 2. all the Homo sapiens living in NY State. 3. all the plant and animal species found in NY State. 4. all the flowering plants found in NY State
2. A student measured some abiotic factors present in an aquarium in a biology laboratory. Which data did the student most likely record?
1. the weight and color of each type of scavenger. 2. the number of each type of green plant and each type of snail. 3. the size and number of each species of fish. 4. the temperature and oxygen content of the water. 2 4

6. Which diagram at the right best represents an ecosystem?4

7. 3 (1.) grasshopper (2.) fish (3.) light (4.) hawk
Which is an abiotic factor that functions as a limiting factor for the autotrophs in the ecosystem shown? 3
(1.) grasshopper  (2.) fish  (3.) light  (4.) hawk

8. The diagram shows organisms in and around a pond.
Which ecological term refers to all the organisms shown in the diagram? 
(1.) heterotroph  (2.) community 
(3.) population  (4.) biosphere   2

9. All the red-winged blackbirds living in a marsh are
(1.) a community
(2.) a succession
(3.) an ecosystem
(4.) a population 4

10. The diagram shows a milkweed plant and some of the insects that live on it or visit it. Which term best describes the group of organisms in the diagram?
1. biosphere      
2. habitat 3. community     
4. biome 3

11. Which group contains only abiotic factors?2
(1.) group A  (2.) group B 
(3.) group C  (4.) group D

12. Because turkey vultures feed mainly on animal that they have not killed, they are known as
predators      
omnivores
scavengers    
4. autotrophs 3

13. Although three different bird species all inhabit the same type of tree in an area, competition between the birds rarely occurs. The most likely explanation for this lack of competition is that these birds 
(1.) are unable to interbreed 
(2.) have a limited supply of food 
(3.) share food with each other 
(4.) have different ecological niches 4

14. Which processes are involved in the water cycle?
(1.) respiration and photosynthesis, only
(2.) transpiration and excretion, only 
(3.) respiration, photosynthesis, evaporation,     and condensation, only 
(4.) respiration, photosynthesis, transpiration, excretion, evaporation, and condensation 4

15. Barnacles often attach themselves to whales and receive free transportation to parts of the ocean. The whales are not affected by this activity. This is an example of
(1.) mutualism
(2.) saprophytism
(3.) commensalism
(4.) parasitism 3

16. Several years after a building had been torn down and the ground cleared, grasses began to grow in that area. After 10 years, small bushes replaced the grasses. This pattern of plant growth is known as 
(1.) cover cropping 
(2.) land use management 
(3.) ecological succession
(4.) biological control 3

17. algae→ minnow → lake trout → hawk
Which organism has the greatest energy?
2. Describe one effect that an increase in the minnow population would have on the ecosystem.
3. Why are the algae an important part of this food web
4. What do the arrows represent?
algae
A decrease in algae
An increase in lake trout
They are producers.
The flow of energy through the food chain.

18. Which organisms would contain the greatest amount of available energy? 
(1.) rabbits and deer 
(2.) grasses and shrubs 
(3.) hawks  
(4.) lice
2. The primary consumers include 
(1.) insects and seed-eating birds 
(2.) rabbits and snakes 
(3.) rats and frogs 
(4.) spiders and coyotes 2 1

19. Which level of this pyramid would contain producer organisms? 
2. If birds eat insects that feed on corn, which pyramid level would birds occupy? 
3. As one progresses from level D to level A in this pyramid, what happens to the amount of energy?
Level D
Level B
Decreases

20. Which statement best describes a direct result of a decrease in the rabbit population due to disease?
1. The hawk population will increase. 2. The grass population will increase. 3. The cricket population will decrease. 4. The frog population will be eliminated. 2

21. Energy stored in organic molecules is passed from producers to consumers. This statement best describes an event in
1. the process of photosynthesis. 2. natural selection. 3. a food chain. 4. ecological succession. 3

22. Which factor promotes competition between organisms in an ecosystem?
(1.) cycling of materials 
(2.) limited resources 
(3.) presence of saprophytes 
(4.) decomposition of organic matter 2

23. This diagram illustrates ___________.
Stage D in the diagram below is located on land that was once a bare field.
This diagram illustrates ___________.
Stage D represent the ____________.
succession
climax community

24. What process is occurring in the diagram?
Ecological succession

25. Identify the name of stage IV.
Climax community

26. 1 The diagrams best illustrates (1.) ecological succession
(2.) organic evolution 
(3.) the effects of acid rain 
(4.) a food chain 45.  1

27. If no human intervention or natural disaster occurs, by the year 2050
this area will most likely be a 
(1.) pond 
(2.) field 
(3.) forest 
(4.) desert 3

28. Which material cycle relies least on the processes of photosynthesis, transpiration, evaporation, respiration, and condensation?
oxygen cycle     
water cycle
nitrogen cycle   
carbon cycle 2

29. Types of Symbiosis
A tapeworm lives in the digestive tract of a human.
2. Bees pollinating flowers.
3.A flea sucks blood from the skin of a dog.
4. Barnacles found on the surfaces of whales.
parasitism
mutualism
parasitism
commensalism

30. Bacteria of decay are important components of an ecosystem because they
(1) recycle organic matter (2) are involved in photosynthesis (3) absorb solar energy (4) slow the spread of disease 1