1. MS Teacher
The Short Story
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2. A series of related events that make up a story.
Plot
A series of related events that make up a story.
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3. Plot structure
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4. Exposition= The beginning
Meet the main characters
Protagonist- main character
Setting- time and place; when and where
Basic Situation
Details should set the scene
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5. Point of view-who gets to tell the story
1st person point of view “I”
3rd person point of view limited
Ex. Jonas felt scared
3rd person point of view omniscient (God-like)
2nd person “you” point of view.
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6. Protagonist Antagonist
The main Character
The character opposing the protagonist
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7. Static Character Dynamic Character
Stays the same
Makes changes during the story
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8. Stereotype A fixed idea about a type of person. Ex. Librarian
Cheerleader
Athlete
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9. Characterization- the way an author reveals a character.
Direct/subjective
The author tells the reader.
Ex. Billy Weaver was 17.
Indirect/ objective
The reader decides what a character is like by judging actions,
appearance , dialogue
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10. Character- a person’s essential qualities.
Billy Weaver?
Charlie?
Narrator in The Tell-Tale Heart.
The Landlady?
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11. Objective vs. subjective writing
Objective – unbiased-
The reader decides what the character is like by judging what a characters says , looks like, acts…
Bob uses tissues to the open door.
Subjective-biased- The author tells you.
Ex. Billy is 17.
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12. Setting-When and Where
Time and Place
Setting reveals character
Related to mood
Contributes to the emotional effect.
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13. Atmosphere/Mood- related to setting
The overall mood or feeling of a work of literature.
Scary, happy, sad, nostalgic, creepy, funny
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14. Rising Action
The protagonist meets the antagonist Conflict, struggle, or problems keep the protagonist from his/her goal.
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15. Conflict/complications
A struggle between opposing characters or opposing forces
Can be internal or external
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16. Man vs. Man vs. man (external) Man vs. self (internal)
Man vs. society (external)
Man vs. technology (external)
Man vs. nature (external)
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17. Suspense
The uncertainty or anxiety that a reader feels about what will happen next in a story.
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18. Climax The turning point of the story
Some see this as the most exciting, greatest suspense, or interest, but this is not true in many stories.
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19. Resolution Conflict should be resolved by the end of the story
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20. Theme
A general idea or insight about life that a work of literature reveals.
This cannot be just one word.
childhood is…
Marriage is…
Death is
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21. Tone
The attitude a writer takes toward his or her subject, characters, or audience.
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22. Tone/Attitude Indifferent Depressed Silly Whimsical Serious Cynical
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23. Subplot A minor plot that relates in some way to the main story.
Example: The movie Grease has Danny and Sandy as the main plot; the subplot has Rizzo and Kenickie.
Christopher M. disappears….
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24. Foreshadowing A hint as to what is to come.
Example: A gun in seen in a drawer will be used by the end of the movie.
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25. 1st person point of view is the “I” p.o.v.
Often it is intimate, but unreliable
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26. 3rd person limited Example Billy Weaver in “The Landlady”
We only get into Billy’s head.
Billy thought…
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27. 3rd person omniscient. God like point of view.
The reader can hear form multiple characters.
Often seen as the “fly on the wall” p.o.v.
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28. Theme- the insight into life
Must be written in a complete sentence
It reveals the author’s view of life.
To determine the theme: look at the title, the big moments, the resolution, and ask, “How has the protagonist changed?”
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29. Tone= Attitude What is the author’s attitude towards Billy Weaver?
Towards the Landlady?
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30. The Tell-Tale Heart has an unreliable narrator.
Speaker = Narrator
The Tell-Tale Heart has an unreliable narrator.
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31. Figures of speech Make connections
The heartbeat is like a constant reminder of his guilt.
The heartbeat is guilt.
I feel so guilty I could die.
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32. Figures of speech: simile, metaphor, personification, idiom, hyperbole
Expressions that are not literally true
Example simile vs. metaphor
He is a pig. (metaphor)
He eats like a pig. (simile)
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33. Idiom-Figure of speech
An expression that is not literally true.
It is often difficult to understand the meaning.
Ex. Head of heels in love.
She’s off her rocker.
Raining cats and dog.
Kicked the bucket.
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34. Personification
Personification- giving human traits to something not human.
Ex. the lights blinked.
The moon walked.
The stars danced.
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35. Hyperbole An exaggeration I could eat a horse.
It took 1,000 men to carry the coffin.
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36. Symbols-often connected to the story’s theme
Objects that stand for something more.
Ex. American eagle is a symbol of freedom.
$ is a symbol for money.
Public symbol-most understand
Heart beat in “The Tell-Tale Heart” may be a symbol of the narrator’s guilt.
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37. Motivation
The reason a character behaves a certain way.
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38. Poetry vs. Prose Prose is regular, every day writing.
Poetry- concentrated writing!
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39. Imagery-pictures Images/pictures- often helps reader imagine
Sensory language- Sight, hear, taste, smell, tough= will help create imagery.
Ex. the red barn (visual)
The whining cat (auditory/hear)
The salty ocean water (taste)
The sweet smell of chocolate chip cookies in the over
The rough feel of sandpaper
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40. allusion An indirect reference
Ex. the garden of Eden- It’s like when Eve ate from the tree.
Jonas/Jonah
Gabriel-angel Gabriel/messenger
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41. Irony: verbal, situational, dramatic
Verbal: “I’m a lucky fellow” Billy Weaver
Situational: A caretaker kills the man he is suppose to care for.
Dramatic: the audience knows but someone does not.
Ex. Bones/body below the policeman’s chair.
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42. Dialogue vs. Dialect Dialogue- conversation
Dialect- a regional way of speaking
Y’ all
I’se still climbin
Dude
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43. _Primary conflict in “The Landlady”
Man vs. self, man, nature, society, or technology?
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44. Flashback- going back in time
Anne Frank
Begins in but then flashbacks to 1942 when they are all alive.
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45. Figures of speech
A word or phrase that describes one thing in terms of another that is not meant to be understood literally
Ex. Hold your horses.
Ex. Poems hide.
Ex. He is a firecracker.

46. Literal vs. Figurative Language

47. Figurative- imaginary
Literal vs. Figurative
Literal= true
Non-fiction-true
Figurative- imaginary

48. A simile is a comparison of two unlike things using like or as.

49. Simile
Like As
Resembles
Than

50. He has broom hair- metaphor (direct comparison)

51. I am a blue balloon floating away.

52. Personification: giving human traits to something not human
The rain dances.
The moon walks.
The wheels whine

53. What is the idiom?

54. Hyperbole is an exaggeration
My backpack weighs a ton!
What does this hyperbole suggest?
Hyperbole is an exaggeration

55. Mood=Atmosphere
The overall feeling about a work of literature, often related to the setting.
“deadly cold” “like a flat blade of ice”
Is this visual or auditory imagery. (imagery is language that appeals to the senses)

56. Theme
The general idea or insight about life that a work of literature reveals.
The human spirit triumphs over evil.
Beauty is found in nature.
Hopes and dreams give life meaning

57. Symbol
A person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself and stands for something beyond itself as well.

58. Visual Imagery- pictures with words

59. hyperbole
Exaggeration