1. Chapter 5 Section One

2. Terms and People
George Washington – Virginia colonist who led troops against the French during the Seven Years’ War; future president
militia – force made up of civilians trained as soldiers but not part of the regular army
alliance – agreement between countries to help each other against other countries
cede – surrender

3. How did the British gain French territory in North America?
By the mid-1700s, both Britain and France had claimed vast areas of land in North America—lands long settled by Native Americans.
Conflicts over land led to war, with the future of much of North America at stake.
Preview:

4. In the 1750s, land disputes erupted in the Ohio River valley, the area between Lake Erie and the Ohio River.

5. France claimed the Ohio River valley as part of its territory.
The Virginia colony
also claimed the land, and
British settlers continued
to move west.

6. The French ignored Washington’s warnings.
In 1753, the French began building forts in the Ohio River valley to protect their claims.
The governor of Virginia sent a militia led by George Washington to order the French out. What do you think the French response was?
The French ignored Washington’s warnings.

7. The next year, Washington returned to the Ohio River valley to find the French building a fort at a key location.
Fort Duquesne
Built where the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers meet to form the Ohio River
Ohio R.

8. Washington built a small fort of his own, Fort Necessity, nearby.
A large French army attacked, forcing Washington to surrender Fort Necessity.
The French sent Washington home with the message that they would never give up the Ohio River valley.

9. War with France seemed certain.
Hoping to form an alliance against the French, the British called a meeting of colonial leaders and local Iroquois tribes in Albany, New York. The alliance failed.
Iroquois
refuse to join
a British alliance
British

10. Colonial leaders at the Albany Congress still tried to work out a plan to defend themselves against the French.
Benjamin Franklin urged the colonists to unite against the enemy.

11. Franklin drew up a plan in which an elected council would have authority to act for all the colonies on urgent matters. It also could form armies and collect taxes to pay expenses.
Albany Plan of Union
The Albany Plan of Union was rejected by the colonial assemblies.

12. The British knew little about fighting in North America.
Despite the failure to form a united front, the British decided it was time to act. In 1755, troops led by General Edward Braddock marched on Fort Duquesne.
The French and their Native American allies ambushed the British, defeating them.
The British knew little about fighting in North America.
Red uniforms provided targets.

13. The British disaster at Fort Duquesne was followed by other defeats.
Fort Niagara
Lake George
Fort Oswego
Fort William Henry
In 1756, Britain declared war on France, marking the official beginning of the Seven Years’ War.

14. Can you name the town that Fort Pitt becomes?
Britain’s string of defeats finally ended when a new prime minister, William Pitt, took office.
Pitt’s generals soon turned the tide of the war. In 1758, the British won Fort Duquesne, renaming it Fort Pitt. Such victories helped the British gain Iroquois support.
Iroquois join
a British alliance
British
Can you name the town that Fort Pitt becomes?

15. The French and Indian War
British victories in 1758 and 1759 set the stage for the key battle of the war—the Battle of Quebec.

16. French and Indian War Meanwhile in what we now know as Tennessee
From 1754 to 1763 the French and their allies the Indians fought for control of North America against the British and the Colonists.
This was the 4th war between France and England over control of Europe and overseas territories.
Tennessee was a part of the contested region for England and France.

17. Fort Loudoun A Fort built over the Mountain was 1st presented in 1746.
The Cherokee were allies of the British and sent out raiding parties to harass the French and their allies. Counterattacks came quickly and the British decided to build a Fort to help protect their interests and the Cherokee.
Little Carpenter actually convinced the South Carolina Legislature to build the Fort.
The Fort was built to be as strong as possible against any attack.
Fort was completed in 1757.

18. Present Day Fort Loudon in East Tennessee

19. Fort Loudoun
The Fort quickly became a gathering post for trading and protection.

20. TROUBLE!!!!
1759 all is going well until the Cherokee felt they were being treated badly by the British.
Cherokee march into Virginia to attack the French and are ordered to march to Pennsylvania and Little Carpenter refuses the order. Little Carpenter arrested and put in chains.
Cherokee upset that they were not provided enough food and clothes.
One band breaks away and heads home taking with them some horses for the Virginia settlers.
Settlers chase Cherokee and a fight takes place killing a few on each side.

21. TROUBLE!!!!
1760 twenty Cherokee Chiefs enter Fort Prince George in South Carolina to peacefully settle the problems.
All twenty locked up by the British.
A Cherokee leader outside lures the fort’s commander outside to talk and he was quickly ambushed.
British attempt to put the 20 chiefs in irons, when they resisted they were killed.
Now open warfare existed between the British and Cherokee.
Little Carpenter held firm to his allegiance and did not support the war with the British.

22. TROUBLE!!!! When the fighting broke out Fort Loudoun was isolated.
The Cherokee knew all the paths around the Fort and eventually laid siege (when armed forces attempt to capture a fort by preventing people from leaving or supplies entering the fort) to it.
Siege lasted for a year. Disease, desertion, and a lack of food weakened the defenders.
June 1760 Colonel Archibald Montgomery and 1,500 men attempted to relieve the Fort.
Cherokee attack Montgomery’s force and shatter it to pieces. Indians claimed to have killed and scalped so many their hands were sore.
Food in the fort was rationed (to limit the use of something) to a pint of corn per soldier per day and then cut again from that amount.

23. TROUBLE!!!!
Little Carpenter sneaks into Fort and tells of Montgomery’s defeat.
Captain John Stuart meets with the Cherokee to discuss terms of surrender.
Cherokee agree to let people in the Fort leave for Virginia and offer protection for them.
Soldiers inside Fort march out in August 1760 and surrender to Chief Oconoctota.
Trip to Virginia only one day old when over 500 warriors attack the soldiers. 23 soldiers were killed, those that survived were taken to nearby Cherokee villages.

24. TROUBLE!!!!
Captain Demere was seriously wounded and he was later scalped and tortured until he died.
Captain Stuart was claimed by a brave as his personal captive. Little Carpenter bought Captain Stuart’s freedom a little later.
When news of the Cherokee attack on Fort Loudoun reached British Headquarters a large force of soldiers was sent into the area.
Many Indian villages were destroyed and following a series of talks Little Carpenter surrendered and signed a peace treaty.
Cherokee lose 2,500+ warriors over half of their fighting force. From that time on the Cherokee were at the mercy of a hostile people that did not care about them

25. TROUBLE!!!! Treaty of Paris in 1763 ends the French and Indian War
British gain all territory east of the Mississippi River including Florida from Spain
Now British have control of Tennessee Territory
British know that tensions between settlers and Indians is a possibility, to prevent trouble the British establish the Proclamation Line (this means that no settler was to cross the mountains and all lands west of the mountains belong to Indians - Proclamation means an official or public announcement) .
Proclamation Line is crest of Appalachian Mountain that settlers were forbidden to cross
Proclamation Line is ignored by settlers from Virginia and North Carolina

26. Quebec, the capital of New France, was located atop high cliffs.
The British climbed the cliffs on an unguarded trail and captured the city.
Without Quebec, France could no longer defend its territory. In 1763, Britain and France signed the Treaty of Paris, ending the war.

27. Under the terms of the treaty, France lost its lands in North America.
Native Americans lost, too, as British settlers continued to move west.

28. 1. Use four sheets of paper and lay them one on top of the other with about 1" overlap in between. Hold the bottom of the pages securely and  flip the bottom to the top so that they also line up with about 1" spacing.
Step 2
Step 1
Step 3
Step 4
2. Crease at the fold then staple on the fold.

29. The colonists resist tighter control Chapter 5 section 2
Pontiac’s Rebellion
Proclamation Act of 1763
Sugar Act
Quartering Act
Stamp Act
Townshend Act
Committees of Correspondence
Label each line with the information to the right. Complete the pages with information that explains each section.