1. Pesticide Legislation and Registration
Plant Science 280
Mr. Gomes

2. The Principles of Pesticide Registration
Most of the worlds nations have some sort of procedure
Less developed countries, procedural and data requirements are few to nonexistent
Fiscal constraints
Unawareness of need
Some countries are not implemented

3. Regulatory Control Use Control Performance Claims
Label directions and precautions
Packaging
Advertising
Proper use of environmental/human safety
In general, process covers public interests and manufacturers rights

4. History of/for Regulatory
Have been in place in developed countries for nearly 100 years
Fear Driven by media often times (DDT)
1960’s first public debate over pesticide use became real. Why???
1984 a cloud of methyl isocyanate killed 14,000 in India and injured 30,000 more
Glyphosate resistance and that drive for GMO’s. Public awareness
Roughly 20,000 people die annually from pesticide poisoning
Developing countries 25% use, 99% of fatalities
Debate over pro’s and cons to GM crops. Has raised legitimate social, economic, and biological concern
Concern for weed science is the widespread adoption of herbicide resistant technology

6. Federal Laws Insecticide Act of 1910
Restriction of ineffective and adulterated insecticides/fungicides
US Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938
Gained more control of integrity of food moving interstate
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare 1953
Safe levels of residues
EPA in 1970
Tolerance levels for all pesticides
The Food and Drug Act 2006

7. Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
Became law in 1947, essentially replacing the Insecticide Act of 1910
First to require that pesticide formulation should meet proper standards
Introduced two new ideas
All pesticides for shipment needed to be registered with US Sec. of Ag
USDA given control over all precautions on labels
Required labels to contain new items
Protection from physical injury or economic loss
Protection for the public from injury. Previously only user
Manufacturer has to prove efficacy for use

8. Environmental Protection Agency
Created in 1970
The entire pesticide regulations divisions transferred to EPA OPP
Includes registration and enforcement divisions
Maintain 5 sections
Efficacy
Chemistry
Human safety
Fish and wildlife safety
registration
Pledged in 1993 to greatly reduce pesticide use in US
Also handle inspection and imports, case review and development, control office, prosecutions, field enforcement staff

9. Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act
Enacted in 1972 by Nixon
Designed to protect humans and the environment and federal regulation to all pesticides in state
Responsibility now shifted to the applicator with this act
Ultimate responsibility still on the manufacturer
Labels had to now consider public interest, including benefits from pesticide use
Restricted or General Use

11. Tolerance Classes All pesticides are in one of four tolerance classes
Exempt
Zero
Finite
Nonfood Crop Registration

12. Exempt Occur when there is no known human or animal health concern
These are generally categorized as safe
Have a long list of products including;
Castor oil, cinnamon, corn gluten meal, cottonseed oil, mint oil, etc

13. Zero Means none of the chemical is permitted in any crop
EPA decides it is not in the public interest to accept any detectable residue
Used to mean no traceable residue, but more sensitive testing eradicated the concept. Parts per/???
What’s the most commonly known zero tolerance pesticide???

14. Finite
Used when chemical residues are known to exist but pose know known threat
Most every pesticide falls into this category
Requires a two year feed study on at least two mammals after the efficacy studies conclude

15. Nonfood Crop Registration
Pesticide used in soil well in advance of planting
Proves to decompose or metabolize so as to dissipate well before harvest
Use in parking lots, dormant crops, seed treatment

17. Procedures for Pesticide Registration
A. A statement of active and inert ingredients, chemical and physical properties of formulation, complete formula, environmental stability, known impurities
B. Five Copies of the proposed label
1. Brand Name
2. Complete chemical name and physical/chemical properties
3. Ingredients
4.Directions for use, specifying crops or intended sites
5. Rate
6. timing of application
7.Any precautions or limitations on use
8. Warning Statement of protection on nontarget species
9. Antidote in case of human consumption
10. Warning to keep away from children
11. Manufacturing details
12. Net Weight
13. Restricted versus general use

18. Procedures Cont.
C. Full description including scientific data proving efficacy and safety
D. Complete Toxicity report including;
1. two year rate feeding study to determine repo and cancer effects
2. 18 month mouse feeding study to represent the same
3. two year dog feeding study
4. mutagenic possibilities in mice
5. teratogenic study in rabbits
6. three generation rat repro study and repro studies in chickens
7. meat residue in cows, chickens, swine; milk and eggs
8. 90 feed study to determine mammalian metabolites
9. 21 day subacute toxicity in bunnies, oral and dermal LD50 in rats
10. eye and skin irritation
11. tests to determine effects on two species of fish and quail

19. Procedures Cont.
E. Results of tests on the amounts of residue including testing methods
F. Practical methods of removing methods exceeding tolerance
G. Proposed tolerance for the pesticide and reasons for request
H. Reasonable grounds for the support of the petition
If all of this is met, then tit goes to the Fish and Wildlife Service of the Department of the Interior AND the Hazard Evaluation Division of the EPA, either can concur or deny the petition.