1. Industry vs Agriculture
The Ultimate Showdown

2. North - Industrial Upper, Middle, Lower Classes
Unions – to help factory workers
Factory workers – mainly women & children
Sarah G. Bagley
Lowell worker who started first female labor union – Lowell Female Labor Reform Association
National Trades Union – campaigned for a 10 hour workday

3. Immigrants and Industry
The Perfect Combination

4. The Irish Poor Men: Women: Factory Workers Mended Clothes
Built the Railroad/Canals
Cleaned Wealthy Homes
Coal Miners
Factories
Unloaded Freight
Cleaned Streets

5. Unskilled
Left Ireland b/c:
Potato Famine
British mistreatment
Majority – Catholic
Settled in Cities: Boston; NYC; East Coast
Later – involved in politics

6. The Germans Wealthy Tailors Brewers Cabinetmakers Distillers
Cigar makers
Bakers
Butchers
Machinists

7. Religions: Protestant; Catholic, Jewish
Skilled Workers
Left Germany b/c:
Political Revolution
Religions: Protestant; Catholic, Jewish
Moved to cities in Northwest Area:
OH; ID; MI; MN; PA; TX

8. Politics Know Nothing Party Political Party based on Nativists ideas
Slogans:
“America for the Americans”
“Americans shall rule America”
Tried to stop foreigners/immigrants from coming into the country

9. Tried to limit political power from immigrants
Responded to immigration with violence
Nativists – Protestants
Immigrants – Catholic

10. Midwest Just starting to grow Economy is increasing Dairy farms
Wheat/corn farms
Livestock

11. Upper South
Less need for slaves
Smaller farms
Little/no plantations
Poor farmers
States such as:
Virginia; Maryland; Delaware; etc

12. Cotton plantations – controlled the economy
South - Agricultural
Cotton plantations – controlled the economy
Cotton demand increases
Cotton prices increase
The need for slavery increases

13. Lower South Majority of the area – Large plantations
Large Plantations need more slaves
Slavery was harsh in this area
Harder conditions
200 or more slaves per plantation (GA; MS; AL)
More cotton is produced = more money is made

14. Less Industry
Small amount of manufacturing/factories
Not many Railroads
More Rail Lines = Less valuable farmland = Less plantationsto grow cotton = Less money

15. American Colonization Society
1817
Abolitionist group who wanted to get rid of slavery
Formed the colony of Liberia (in Africa)
Tried to free the slaves
Idea was to send them back to Africa (where they were from)
Slaves didn’t want to go – considered themselves Americans (most were born here)

16. Population in the South
Planters
Small population of the Southern Whites
Wealthy
Most lived the life of luxury
Owned between 20 – 1000 slaves
20 – 100 = more common
= very rare

17. Small Farmers
Majority of the Southern Whites
Simple homes
Small farms
Fertile land
Grew their own food as well as a small amount of cash crops
Most did not own slaves

18. Poor Whites
Small percentage of Southern Whites
Land was NOT appropriate for farming
Lived in Mountainous regions (Appalachia – ancestors still live there in squalor and poverty)
Relied on hunting/fishing to survive

19. African – Americans Freedmen 10% - 59% of the Southern population
Most of the freedmen lived in border states (Northern region of the South)
260,000 freed slaves (freedmen) eventually succumbed to the evils of slaveholding
Became masters of black slaves

20. Slaves Rewards Punishments
Money, “time off”, loved ones “bought back”,etc
Punishments
“sweatbox”, shackles, whipping, etc
“sold down the river”