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The European Middle Ages
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The Early Middle Ages: Germanic Kingdoms Unite under Charlemagne
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What Happened to Rome?? By the end of the 5th century, Germanic invaders had destroyed the Roman Empire…
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What Happened to Rome?? The Impact of Invasion: Disruption of Trade
Downfall of Cities Population Shifts Decline of Learning Loss of Common Language
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What Happened to Rome?? BUT, there was one institution that survived the fall of Rome…
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The CHURCH!!
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Germanic Kingdoms Emerge
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Germanic Kingdoms Emerge
Between AD 400 & 600 small Germanic Kingdoms replaced large Roman provinces What impact did these small kingdoms have on government?
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Germanic Kingdoms Emerge
In GAUL, a Germanic people called the FRANKS held power Influential Frankish Ruler: Clovis
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Germanic Kingdoms Emerge
CLOVIS: Converted to Christianity Gained support of the Church in Rome United Franks into one kingdom
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Europe & the Muslim World
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Europe & the Muslim World
622: The development of Islam… The Muslims built a huge empire & began to overrun Christian lands
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Europe & the Muslim World
Battle of Tours (732): Frankish ruler, Charles Martel defeated a Muslim raiding party from Spain
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Europe & the Muslim World
Important victory for European Christians Made Charles Martel a Christian hero
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The Family Tree Charles Martel Martel’s SON: Pepin the Short
Pepin’s SON: CHARLEMAGNE (Charles the Great)
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Charlemagne
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Charlemagne’s Empire Empire included: 2/3 of Italy
All of present day France Small part of Spain All of German Saxony
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Charlemagne, the Hero? Spread Christianity through his conquest of other lands AD 800 – Pope Leo III called Charlemagne to Rome in order to crush an unruly mob SUCCESS!!!
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Charlemagne, the Hero? In gratitude, the Pope crowned Charlemagne & called him the “Roman Emperor”
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Charlemagne, the Hero? Significance?
A Christian Pope crowned a German king as the successor to the Roman Emperors Legitimized Charlemagne’s rule over the former Roman Empire
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Charlemagne, the Hero? Revived the ideal of a UNITED CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY Also paved the way for future power struggles between Roman Catholic Popes and German Emperors
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Charlemagne’s Accomplishments
Government: Appointed nobles to rule over local regions STRONG, EFFICIENT & ORDERLY!
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Charlemagne’s Accomplishments
Learning: Wanted to make a “second Rome” in Aachen Revived Latin learning (Greek & Roman)
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Charlemagne’s Accomplishments
Curriculum included grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, music & astronomy Became the EDUCATIONAL MODEL for Medieval Europe
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Charlemagne’s Heirs A year before his death, Charlemagne crowned his only surviving son, Louis the Pious, as emperor
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Charlemagne’s Heirs Louis was an INEFFECTIVE leader, but had 3 sons:
Lothair, Charles the Bald & Louis the German Fought for control of the empire…
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Charlemagne’s Heirs Civil War ended in 843 with the TREATY OF VERDUN
Divided Charlemagne’s Empire into 3 Kingdoms
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Charlemagne’s Legacy Despite the breakdown of the empire, Charlemagne left a lasting legacy… Extended Christian civilization into N. Europe
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Charlemagne’s Legacy Further blended Greek, Roman & Christian traditions Educational model Strong, efficient gov’t – example for later medieval rulers
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