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Sub-Sahara Africa
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Landforms
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Ruwenzori Mountains
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“Mountains of the Moon”
Permanent snow capped peaks Located border of Uganda and Democratic Republic of Congo Cloud coverage at the tops of the mountains is created by moist air
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Escarpment
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Usually line the coast line
Definition Steep cliff Usually line the coast line
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Drakensberg Range
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Drakensberg Range eastern portion of great escarpment
“The Dragon Mountain” Located between Lesotho and South Africa Peak- 11,420 ft asl
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Mount Kenya
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2nd highest mountain in Africa
Located in Kenya Peak 17,057 ft asl Runoff from Mount Kenya provides water and electricity for over 2 million people Inactive Volcano
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Mount Kilimanjaro
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“White Mountain” Highest peak in Africa
Highest freestanding mountain in the world 19,341 ft asl Inactive Volcano Located in Tanzania
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Great Rift Valley
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Extends from Mozambique (Africa) to Syria (Southwest Asia)
Continuous trench 3,700 miles long Extends from Mozambique (Africa) to Syria (Southwest Asia) Created by shifting and spreading plates (earthquakes common)
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Bodies of Water
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Lake Victoria
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Africa’s largest lake 3rd largest freshwater lake in world Located Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya Feeds the White Nile River Pollution caused from discharge of raw sewage, industrial waste, and farm fertilizers
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“Large expanse of water”
Located Chad, Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon Provides water to more than 20 million people “Shrinking lake” labeled a ecological catastrophe (Shrank up to 95% in 1998) Drought, Landlocked, Population increases
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Lake Volta
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Provides hydroelectricity to Ghana
Ghana’s Lake Provides hydroelectricity to Ghana Largest man-made lake (reservoir) in world Supplies irrigation and fish
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3rd longest river in Africa
“Great River” 3rd longest river in Africa Empties into the Atlantic Ocean- Niger Delta
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Victoria Falls Zambezi River
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4th largest river in Africa Mouth- Zambezi Delta at the Indian Ocean
Zambezi River 4th largest river in Africa Mouth- Zambezi Delta at the Indian Ocean Large populations of hippos and crocodiles
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Located on the Zambezi River on the border of Zimbabwe and Zambia
Victoria Falls Located on the Zambezi River on the border of Zimbabwe and Zambia 360 foot drop Located on a plateau
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Congo (Zaire) River
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2nd longest river in Africa- 2,922 miles
Flows through the 2nd largest rainforest in the world Provides transportation for the lands without roads
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River is a natural boundary between South Africa & Namibia and South Africa & Lesotho
Provides hydroelectricity and irrigation for South Africa
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Natural Resources
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Agriculture ¾ of African Farmers practice Subsistence Agriculture
Large farms grow Cash Crops- coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber Cash Crops used for exports so if there is a bad harvest there is no food to feed the citizens 70% employment Produce less today, despite population tripling in size. Due to drought and bad soil conditions.
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"Black Gold"
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Nigeria has the largest reserves of petroleum
Employs ~2 million people Profits go to large corporations or governments Natural Resources have been detrimental to economies Example- Congo has a vast amount of resources but it is one of the poorest countries in the world. (LEDC)
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Gold and Diamonds
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Botswana- largest producers of diamonds in the world
USA- largest consumers of diamonds in the world 20% of diamonds are sold illegally South Africa has ½ the worlds gold
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Solar Power
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Climate Sahel and Horn of Africa- Yellow
Tropical Savannah- Light Green Tropical Rainforest- Dark Green Mediterranean- Olive Arid- Orange Climate
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Tropical Rainforest
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Tropical Rain Forest The majority of Africa lies between 23 ½ North and South Covers 3.6 million square miles Average rainfall- 60 inches/year Agriculture- coffee, bananas, pineapples, cocoa, tea Cash Crops for exports- palm trees, rubber, timber Rainforest is threatened by logging, deforestation and population growth
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Savanna
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Tropical Savanna (Grasslands)
Covers 50% of the continent Rainfall inches/year Serengeti National Park located in the Savanna
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Serengeti National Park
“Endless Plain” 5700 square miles Located on the Tanzania/Kenya border Human are forbid to live in park Top 6 hunted animals located here Lion, Leopard, Elephant, Black Rhino, African Buffalo, Cheetah
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Serengeti National Park
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Steppe
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Steppe “Southern Coast of the Sahara” Rainfall 4-8 inches/year
Natural boundary between North Africa and Sub-Sahara Africa Desertification- productive land turns into desert or arid land following the destruction of vegetation Sahel- “shore” or “edge”
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The Sahel
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Arid or Desert
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Arid Rainfall- less than 10 inches/year Average Temperature degrees F Three major deserts in Sub Sahara Africa Namib Desert- Located in Namibia Nubian Desert- Located in Sudan Kalahari Desert- Located in Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa
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Namib Desert
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Aerial View Of Nubian Desert
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Kalahari Desert
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Language Religion Education CULTURE Healthcare Population Urbanization
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Africa has 3 main culture groups
African European Islamic
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Highest death and birth rates in world
Population 1.2 billion people Highest death and birth rates in world 34 of the 54 African countries are the world’s least developed Most Populated Country- Nigeria million people
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Population Density Uneven
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Healthcare Over 60% of Africans do not have proper sanitation
#1 killer- Respiratory tract infections Pneumonia, bronchitis, and tuberculosis #2 killer-AIDS (760,000 deaths in 2015) #3 Diarrheal Deaths from unsafe water and poor sanitation #7 Malaria (403,000 deaths in 2015)
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Increasing by 3.5% per year
Urbanization 40% of population Increasing by 3.5% per year
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Over 1500 different languages
Arabic Swahili Hausa English Amharic French Oromo Yoruba Igbo Berber
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World Religions Muslim- Green Christian- Red
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Largest- Christianity
2nd- Islam Animist popular among tribes
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60% Literacy of Sub Sahara Africa
Education 60% Literacy of Sub Sahara Africa
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