1. French Colonies and Conflict with Britain

2. French Exploration in North America
In 1534, the French King Francis I sent explorer Jacques Cartier to the West to find a new route to Asia
Like Columbus he found a large land mass in his way
He explored and mapped the area around the St. Lawrence River and claimed land for France that would become Canada.
He is credited with giving Canada its name from the native word for settlement – “kanata”

3. French Settlement in North America
In 1608, Samuel de Champlain (known as the “Father of Canada”) founded the first French settlement - Quebec City
Quebec becomes the capital of New France.
Grows very slow…Why?
Weather and disease
Main Priorities
Fur-trading mostly Beaver pelts
Make friends with local Native America tribes
Algonquians and Hurons

4. French Territory in North America
Robert de LaSalle
Led an expedition down
the Mississippi River to
claim the interior region
of North America for
France
He named it Louisiana
after King Louis XIV
Purpose: to stop the expansion of the Spanish
near the Gulf of Mexico
The Spanish are not thrilled and start to build forts to protect their claims in Florida and Texas

5. By the mid 1700s France controlled more territory than England
British Territory
Things will get tense on the borders as both countries try to get more land

6. The Clash of the Empires
French and Native American
Great Britain and Colonists
It’s about to go down and get bloody…

7. First Blood…Fort Duquesne May 28 1754
Lt. Colonel Washington sent out w/ 160 men to reinforce colonial post Fort Duquesne
Finds out French had already taken the post (bloodless)
40 miles out creates Fort Necessity
French don’t like it and the battle begins -1st blood of French & Indian war

8. Tibit info:
July 4th Washington & men get butt kicked by French & sent back home with tail b/w legs ☺
Washington earns hero status

9. Albany Congress June 1754, just before the outbreak
of war, leaders from the colonies
met in Albany, New York
Albany Plan of Union- proposed by Benjamin Franklin
Proposed that the colonies unite to form a federal government
Colonies rejected it but it shows first movements toward independence

10. Political cartoon by Ben Franklin…published in Pennsylvania Gazette…encouraged support for the Albany plan

11. FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR (1754-1763)
Also called the 7 Years War - Britain and France fought to be the dominant force in North America
The French initially had good relations with many Native American tribes and were very successful
In the end the British wore them down and ultimately took the win.

12. Treaty of Paris 1763 Officially Ends the War
French booted out of N. America
British get Canada
Colonies gain all land east of the Mississippi River
Spain given Louisiana Territory
1801 secret treaty b/w Spain & France
France get Louisiana Territory back

14. Effects of the F&I War Colonist Great Britain Colonist roamed free
No worries about Native Americans or Spain
Less dependent on Britain for protection
Colonists very confident
Myth of British being invincible….GONE!!!!
Britain left deeply in debt
Needed to find new ways to generate money to cover costs of operating an empire
Many in England felt that the colonies should carry the load of paying down the war debt
Will put new regulations in place
Cause severe resentment by the Colonists

15. PROCLAMATION OF 1763
King George III draws a line from north to south along Appalachian Mountains
Settlers CAN NOT settle west of that line
Done to avoid further conflict with Indians
Angered many backcountry settlers who wanted access to land