1. Chapter 10 Medieval Kingdoms in Europe
LESSON 1 – Feudalism
LESSON 2 – Peasants, Trade and Cities
LESSON 3 – The Growth of European Kingdoms

2. Feudalism reached it height by the High Middle Ages ( 1000-1300 A.D. )
Stronger kings began to assert their authority
They often clashed with lesser kings and lords
Feudalism reached it height by the High Middle Ages ( A.D. ) After this, stronger kings began to assert their authority . They often clashed with lesser kings and lords as well.

3. England
England had been ruled by Anglo-Saxon kings for centuries, but in 1066 , William of Normandy invaded England and defeated the forces of their king, Harold. This was a famous battle known as the Battle of Hastings .
England had been ruled by Anglo-Saxon kings for centuries, but in 1066 , William of Normandy invaded England and defeated the forces of their king, Harold . This was a famous battle known as the Battle of Hastings . It was a very important battle because it determined the language and ruling class of England in the Middle Ages. The Normans spoke French and it blended with the locals into a new English language. Many other traditions blended as well. The French nobles held fiefs under William's rule. William, who became known as " William the Conqueror " had a famous census taken which also took count of all his land holdings. The census was called the " Domesday Book".

4. England
The battle determined the language and ruling class of England in the Middle Ages. The Normans spoke French and it blended with the locals into a new English language. Other traditions blended as well. The French nobles held fiefs under William's rule. William, who became known as " William the Conqueror " had a famous census taken which also took count of all his land holdings. The census was called the " Domesday Book".
England had been ruled by Anglo-Saxon kings for centuries, but in 1066 , William of Normandy invaded England and defeated the forces of their king, Harold . This was a famous battle known as the Battle of Hastings . It was a very important battle because it determined the language and ruling class of England in the Middle Ages. The Normans spoke French and it blended with the locals into a new English language. Many other traditions blended as well. The French nobles held fiefs under William's rule. William, who became known as " William the Conqueror " had a famous census taken which also took count of all his land holdings. The census was called the " Domesday Book".

5. England limited the king's power to punish outside the law
Changes in England:
England had strong rulers, but eventually the nobility resented the King's power.
2) 1215: nobles forced King John to sign the Magna
Carta
3) Magna Carta:
limited the king's power to punish outside the
law
b) the king had to obey the law
Changes in England:
1) England had strong rulers, but eventually the nobility resented the King's power.
2) 1215: nobles forced King John to sign the Magna Carta
3) Magna Carta:
limited the king's power to punish outside the law
the king had to obey the law
Parliament: a representative body made up of : 1-two knights from each county, 2-two people per town 3-all the nobility
This eventually became two bodies: The House of Lords / The House of Commons

6. England
Changes in England:
Parliament: a representative body made up of: 1-two knights from each county
2-two people per town
3-all the nobility
This eventually became two bodies: The House of Lords / The House of Commons
Changes in England:
1) England had strong rulers, but eventually the nobility resented the King's power.
2) 1215: nobles forced King John to sign the Magna Carta
3) Magna Carta:
limited the king's power to punish outside the law
the king had to obey the law
Parliament: a representative body made up of : 1-two knights from each county, 2-two people per town 3-all the nobility
This eventually became two bodies: The House of Lords / The House of Commons

7. France 2) had the best governing monarchy in Europe
1) became a large country
2) had the best governing monarchy in Europe
3) Parliament with Three Estates :
1st Estate: Clergy
2nd Estate: Nobility
3rd Estate: everyone else
France
1) became a large country
2) had the best governing monarchy in Europe
3) Parliament with Three Estates :
1st Estate: Clergy 2nd Estate: Nobility 3rd Estate: everyone else

8. Holy Roman Empire
Otto I of Germany tried to unify Germany and Italy into what was called the Holy Roman Empire He was not able to accomplish this and others tried to unify these states as well. None of the powers backed by the Roman Catholic Germany and Italy would remain as many independent states and territories until the 19th century.
Holy Roman Empire

9. Spain/Umayyad Caliphate
Spain was conquered by the Umayyads in 725 Had been known as the province of Al-Andalus. Rule lasted for several centuries . Jews and Christians were allowed to live and practice their religions there.
Spain and the Umayyad Caliphate
Spain was conquered by the Umayyads in 725 and since then, had been known as the province of Al-Andalus. This rule lasted for several centuries . Jews and Christians were allowed to live and practice their religions there.

10. Spain/Umayyad Caliphate
They had to abide by the concept of DHIMITUDE
paid a special tax
followed other special rules and limits.
Several Christian groups resisted and began the RECONQUISTA (Re-Conquering) of Spain.
By 929 A.D., several Christian kingdoms were in Northern Spain.
The Reconquista would still last for 500 more years.
Spain and the Umayyad Caliphate
Spain was conquered by the Umayyads in 725 and since then, had been known as the province of Al-Andalus. This rule lasted for several centuries . Jews and Christians were allowed to live and practice their religions there.
They had to abide by the concept of DHIMITUDE, whereby they 1) paid a special tax , 2) followed other special rules and limits Several Christian groups resisted and began the RECONQUISTA (Re-Conquering) of Spain. By A.D , several Christian kingdoms were in Northern Spain. The Reconquista would still last for more years.

11. Central and Eastern Europe
The Slavic people were originally a single group from central Europe They divided into three groups: Western, Southern, Eastern
Central and Eastern Europe
The Slavic people were originally a single group from central Europe, but they divided into three groups:
Western, Southern, Eastern

12. Central and Eastern Europe
Western: Kingdom of Poland and Hungarian kingdoms were converted to Christianity and most became Catholics Southern: most accepted Eastern Orthodox Christianity due to the influence of the Byzantine Empire
Central and Eastern Europe
The Slavic people were originally a single group from central Europe, but they divided into three groups:
Western, Southern, Eastern
Western: Kingdom of Poland and Hungarian kingdoms ^^^^ were converted to Christianity and most became Catholics
Southern: most accepted Eastern Orthodox Christianity due to the influence of the Byzantine Empire

13. Central and Eastern Europe
Eastern: KIEVAN RUS
Eastern Slavs were originally in present day Ukraine and Russia.
2) In the late 8th Century, Vikings (called
the RUS) conquered the area and settled
with the Slavs there.
Eastern:
1) Eastern slavs were originally in present day Ukraine and Russia.
2) In the late 8th Century, Vikings (called the RUS) conquered the area and settled with the slavs there.
3) This area attracted Byzantine missionaries, who converted them to Eastern Orthodox Christianity. This established a link to Byz.
4) 13th Century: Infighting by the K-R enabled them to be overtaken by the MONGOLS.
5) One benefit of this was that the Russian state later unified to work to oust the Mongols some decades later.

14. Central and Eastern Europe
Eastern: KIEVAN RUS
3) This area attracted Byzantine missionaries, who converted them to Eastern Orthodox Christianity. This established a link to Byz.
4) 13th Century: Infighting by the K-R enabled them to be overtaken by the MONGOLS.
Eastern:
1) Eastern slavs were originally in present day Ukraine and Russia.
2) In the late 8th Century, Vikings (called the RUS) conquered the area and settled with the slavs there.
3) This area attracted Byzantine missionaries, who converted them to Eastern Orthodox Christianity. This established a link to Byz.
4) 13th Century: Infighting by the K-R enabled them to be overtaken by the MONGOLS.
5) One benefit of this was that the Russian state later unified to work to oust the Mongols some decades later.

15. Central and Eastern Europe
Eastern: KIEVAN RUS
5) One benefit of this was that the Russian
state later unified to work to oust the Mongols some decades later.
Eastern:
1) Eastern slavs were originally in present day Ukraine and Russia.
2) In the late 8th Century, Vikings (called the RUS) conquered the area and settled with the slavs there.
3) This area attracted Byzantine missionaries, who converted them to Eastern Orthodox Christianity. This established a link to Byz.
4) 13th Century: Infighting by the K-R enabled them to be overtaken by the MONGOLS.
5) One benefit of this was that the Russian state later unified to work to oust the Mongols some decades later.