1. 7.34 Demonstrate understanding of the conflict and cooperation between the Papacy and European monarchs, including Charlemagne, Gregory VII, and Emperor Henry IV.
I can explain the conflict and cooperation between the Papacy and European monarchs.

2. Popes and kings dominated European society in the Middle Ages.
The Big Idea
Popes and kings dominated European society in the Middle Ages.
Main Ideas
Popes and kings ruled Europe as spiritual and political leaders.
Kings and popes clashed over some issues.

3. Middle Ages
Popes and Kings

4. Instructions
Red text: (STOP and pay close attention) Critical information. You should copy it exactly.
Yellow text: (SLOW down and pay attention) Useful information. You should write it in your notes in your own words.
Green text: ( Read and GO to the next text) You do not have to write.

5. Main Idea 1: Popes and kings ruled Europe as spiritual and political leaders.
In the early Middle Ages, nobles and knights held power. However, as time passed, power shifted to popes and kings.

6. The Power of the Popes
The pope was the head of the Christian church in western Europe.
The pope had great power because so many people belonged to the church.
People saw the pope as God’s representative on Earth.
The pope could cast from the church, or excommunicate, his enemies.
Popes had great political and spiritual power.
throw (something) forcefully in a specified direction: lemmings cast themselves off the cliff | figurative : individuals who do not accept the norms are cast out from the group.

7. The Power of the Kings Europe had been divided into many small states.
In three countries, England, France, and the Holy Roman Empire, kings were the rulers.
Kings inherited their titles from their fathers.
Kings kept order through alliances and warfare.
The leader of the Roman Empire was approved by the pope, so the region was also known as the Holy Roman Empire.

8. Charlemagne (742–814) Powerful leader, strong Christian
Created the Carolingian Empire
Crowned by Pope Leo III as the first Holy Roman Emperor in 800 CE
Pepin’s son, Charles, became leader of the largest empire since the Romans. Known as Charlemagne (Charles the Great), he was another fierce military leader who sought to expand the Frankish empire. The vast new territory that he created became known as the Carolingian Empire. During his rise to power, Charlemagne was summoned by Pope Leo III, who crowned him the Emperor of the Romans (or Holy Roman Emperor), uniting the Roman, Christian, and Germanic cultures and traditions.

9. The Holy Roman Empire Empire grew out of part of Charlemagne’s Empire
Charlemagne had been crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope
Future rulers were crowned by the pope after being chosen by nobles

11. Main Idea 2: Kings and popes clashed over some issues.
As popes continued to try to increase their power, they came into conflict with kings.

12. Power of the Popes
Popes were powerful spiritual leaders but also developed political power during the Middle Ages
Popes claimed authority over rulers
This often led to conflicts between Popes and kings
The investiture controversy
The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest was the most significant conflict between Church and state in medieval Europe. In the 11th and 12th centuries, a series of popes challenged the authority of European monarchies. The issue was whether the pope or the monarch would name (invest) powerful local church officials such as bishops of cities and abbots of monasteries. The conflict ended in 1122, when Emperor Henry V and Pope Calixtus II agreed on the Concordat of Worms. It differentiated between the royal and spiritual powers and gave the emperors a limited role in selecting bishops. The outcome was mostly a victory for the pope and his claim that he was God's chief representative in the world.

13. Power of the Popes
Pope Gregory VII tried to expand the political power of the pope
The pope can be judged by no one;
The Roman church has never erred and never will err till the end of time;
The pope alone can depose and restore bishops;
He alone can call general councils and authorize canon law;
He can depose emperors;
He can absolve subjects from their allegiance;
All princes should kiss his feet.

14. Power Struggle Pope Gregory VII came to power in Rome.
The pope disapproved of a bishop chosen by the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV.
Henry became angry and tried to have the pope removed; however, the pope excommunicated Henry.
Henry had to beg the pope for forgiveness to get back into the church.
This incident made the pope more powerful than the emperor at that time.

16. Think, Pair, Share
Who is more powerful? The king or the pope?

17. In your WHN pg 90, compare the power of the popes to the power of the kings.
Dispose of kings &
Bishops
Couldn’t be judged
Princes must kiss his feet
Always right
Leader of empire was approved by the Pope
Leader of the Roman Catholic Church
Religious and political power
The people saw as Gods representative.
Excommunicate people
Inhereted the kings land
Authorize Canon Law
Tithes to the church/taxes
Both ruled the
Holy Roman Empire
Both dominated
European society
Ruled Europe as
spiritual and political
Leaders
Fought over power
They both helped common people
Both belonged to the church
Owned a lot of land & had money
They fought each other
Ruled 3 states
Chosen by nobles & approved
by the pope
Inherited powers from fathers
Excommunicated
Kept alliances through order
and warfare
Most kings did not have the
loyalty of all subjects
Kings protected popes
They run government
Very little role in selecting Bishops
Had political power