1. MOTIVATION

2. DEFINITION
The willingness to exert high levels of effort toward organization goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need.

3. Motivation process Unsatisfied need Tension drives Search behavior
Satisfied needs
Reduction of tension

4. Contemporary theories
Motivation theories
Early theories
Needs hierarchy theory
Theory X, theory Y
Hygiene theory
Contemporary theories
ERG theory
Theory of needs
Goal setting theory
Equity theory

5. Hierarchy of Needs theory- Abraham Maslow
self actualizaion
esteem
Social
Safety
Physiological

6. Theory X, Theory Y- Douglas McGregor
Assumption by Managers
Theory X
Employee dislike work& avoid work
Coerced and threatened with punishment
Avoid responsibilities
Place security above all
Theory Y
Work is as natural as rest or play
Self directed and self controlled
Learn to accept and seek responsibility
Make innovative decisions

7. Hygiene theory – Frederick Herzberz
Intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction, while extrinsic factors are associated with dissatisfaction
Hygiene factors
Company policy
Super vision
Relationship with supervisor
Work conditions
Salary
Relationship with peers
Status
security
Motivators
Achievement
Recognition
Work itself
Responsibility
Advancement
Growth

8. ERG theory – Clayton Alderer
Providing basic material existence (maslow’s psychological and safety needs)
Existence
Interpersonal relationships
Social and status desires
(Maslow’s Social needs)
Relatedness
Personal development (Maslow’s Esteem and Self actualization needs)
Growth

9. Theory of Needs – David McClelland
Need for Achievement
(Drive to excel, to achieve in relation to a set of standard, to strive to succeed)
Need for Power
(The need to make others behave in a way they would not have behaved otherwise)
Need for affiliation
(The desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships)

10. Goal Setting Theory – Edwin Locke
Specific and difficult goals lead to higher performance
Goal commitment
Adequate self-efficacy (the individual’s belief that s/he is capable of performing a task
National culture

11. Equity Theory – J.Stacy Adams
Individuals compares their job inputs and outcomes with those of others and then respond so as to eliminate any inequities.
Ratio Comparisons Perceptions
o/IA < o/IB inequity due to being under rewarded
o/IA = o/IB equity
o/IA > o/IB inequity due to being over rewarded
*o/IA represents employee, o/IB represents colleagues
Self –inside: experiences a different position inside his/her current position
Self-outside: experiences in a situation or position outside his/her current organization
Other-inside: another individual or group of individuals inside the employees’ organization
Other-outside: another individual or group of individuals outside the employee’s organization

12. Thank You